Ict test 1 chapter 1

Question 1

What is analogue data?

Answer 1

analogue data is a continuous stream of data that is processed by humans

Question 2

What are three examples of analogue data?

Answer 2

Everything we see , har , feel and smell is a continuous stream of analogue data to our senses

Question 3

What are logic gates?

Answer 3

logic gates are a very small component in a computer system that controls the flow of electricity

Question 4

What is digital data?

Answer 4

digital data is discrete data that only uses the values 0 and 1.

Question 5

What is a register?

Answer 5

a register is a small component in a computer system that i used to temporarily store data

Question 6

What is the denary system?

Answer 6

a base-10 number system that uses values 0-9

Question 7

What is a MAC address?

Answer 7

a unique address that is given to a computer at the manufacturing stage that can be used to identify the computer

Question 8

What is an overflow error?

Answer 8

each computer has a predefined limit, for example, 16-bit registers. What is the largest number that could be stored in a 16-bit register? If a number is larger than this is generated in a process , an overflow error will occur

Question 9

What does one logical shift to the left mean?

Answer 9

multiplied by 2

Question 10

What does one logical shift to the right mean?

Answer 10

Divide by 2

Question 11

What is the two compliments method?

Answer 11

The method of twos compliment is a simple one. First, you invert all the values in the binary number (change all the 1s to 0s and 0s to 1s, ) then add 1 to the result.

Question 12

What is a character set?

Answer 12

A character set contains all the characters that are in the character set and the binary value that is assigned to each character.

Question 13

What are the two main types of character sets a computer can use?

Answer 13

ASCII and Unicode

Question 14

How many bits do ASCII and Unicode use? And how many characters can they each represent?

Answer 14

ASCII Uses 8-bit binary numbers and can represent up to 256 characters

Unicode Uses 16-bit binary numbers and can represent up to approximately 65000

Question 15

What is a pixel?

Answer 15

a pixel is a very small dot that is displayed with many others to create a image

Question 16

What is the resolution of a image?

Answer 16

The resolution is the dimensions of the image

Question 17

What is metadata?

Answer 17

Additional data that I stored with an image that can provide information such as the dimensions of the image and the time and date the image was taken.

Question 18

What are the two things every image has?

Answer 18

Every image has a resolution and a color depth

Question 19

What is the color depth?

Answer 19

The color depth is the number of bits that are used to create each color in an image

Question 20

What is sound sampling?

Answer 20

a little piece of sound that is recorded at regular time intervals

Question 21

What is the sample rate?

Answer 21

the number of samples recorded each second

Question 22

How can someone improve accuracy when recording sound waves?

Answer 22

To improve accuracy you can increase the sample rate which results in less space between each recorded sample resulting in a clearer recording.

Question 23

What are sample rates measured in?

Answer 23

Hertz

Question 24

How are the sample rate and data required for the recording correlated?

Answer 24

If the sample rate increases then the amount of data required for the recording is also increased.

Question 25

What is sample resolution?

Answer 25

The number of bits that are used to record each sound sample

Question 26

How can you increase the accuracy of the loudness of the sound?g

Answer 26

Increase the sample resolution.

Question 27

What are the 9 units of measuring data?

Answer 27

Bit Nibble Byte Kibibyte Mebibyte Gibibyte Tebibyte Pebibyte Exbibyte

Question 28

How Bits many are in a nibble?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

How Bits many are in a Byte?

Answer 29

8

Question 30

From Kibibyte to Exbibyte what is the amount needed to reach the next unit? E.g. kibibyte to Mebibyte

Answer 30

1024 needed for every step

Question 31

What is the method that uses an algorithm to reduce the size of a file?

Answer 31

compression

Question 32

Name all four benefits of compressing a file.

Answer 32

1. not as much storage space needed to store the file 2. it will take less time to transmit the file from one device to another 3. it will be quicker to upload and download the file 4. Not as much bandwidth is needed to transmit the file over the internet

Question 33

What are the two types of compression?

Answer 33

lossy and lossless

Question 34

What is the difference between how lossy and lossless compress data?

Answer 34

lossy reduces file size by PERMANENTLY removing data while lossless reduces file size by TEMPORARILY altering the data

Question 35

What type of compression in mainly used for sound and image files?

Question 36

What are some examples of unnecessary data that lossy can remove in an image file?

Answer 36

Unnecessary data that is removed are colors the eye cannot distinguish. This means that a lossy compression algorithm for an image file could reduce the size of the file by reducing the color depth. It could also reduce the size of the file by reducing the image resolution, reducing the number of pixels used to create the image

Question 37

What are some examples of unnecessary data that lossy can remove in an sound file?

Answer 37

Unnecessary data in a sound file that could be removes are sounds that cannot be heard by the human ear. It could also be the removal of softer sounds that are played simultaneously as louder sounds, as humans we can only hear the louder sound.

Question 38

What is perceptual music shaping?

Answer 38

a process that is used in lossy compression that removes sound that cannot be normally heard by the human ear

Question 39

What is run-length encoding (RLE)?

Answer 39

run-length encoding (RLE) is an algorithm that groups together repeating patterns and indexes them

Question 40

What is a packet?

Answer 40

a small unit of data