ICS Flashcards
(226 cards)
what is hypertrophy
increase in size of tissue due to increase of its constituent parts where cells get bigger
what is hyperplasia
increase in size of tissue due to increase in number of constituent cells in cells that can divide
what is atrophy
decrease in number of cells or size of cells
what is metaplasia
change in differentiation of cells
what is dysplasia
morphological changes seen in cells in progression to becoming cancer
what is the difference between resolution and repair
resolution - initiating factor removed tissue undamaged or regenerates
repair -initiating factor remains and tissue damaged
describe repair in 2 steps
- replacement of damaged tissue by fibrous tissue
2. collagen produced by fibroblasts
what is inflammation
reaction to injury or infection involving macrophage and neutrophil response
what are the 4 types of inflammation
acute
chronic
autoimmune
overreaction
3 reasons for inflammation
- fight off infection/injury
- increase heat to area kill bacteria
- make endothelial cells of vessels more permeable so macrophages/lymphocytes can escape to tissue
what cells are present in acute imflammation
neutrophil polymorphs
what cells are present in chronic inflammation
macrophages
lymphocytes - B for Ab, T for CTL
what is a granuloma
collection of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes
what cell produces collagen
fibroblast
which cells dont regenerate
myocardial cells
neurones in CNS
5 stages in clotting cascade simplified (aka thrombus formation)
- endothelial injury = collagen exposed = turbulent flow
- collagen activates platelets to stick
- platelets release chemicals attract more platelets = aggregation with some RBC stuck inside
- clotting factors activated = fibrinogen activated into fibrin
- fibrin deposits on aggregation = thrombus
virchows triad
- change in blood flow
- change in vessel wall
- change in blood constituents
3 things to treat a thrombus
- aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation
- heparin = anticoagulant
- warfarin = anticoagulant
(compression socks)
what is an embolus
mass of material in vascular system that becomes lodges within a vessel
what is a thrombus
solid mass of constituents which are formed within the intact vascular system during life
what is ischemia
reduction in blood flow to an area where no damage is done
what is infarction
reduction in blood flow that results in cell death
what is an atherosclerosis
fibrous tissue containing lipids, cholesterol, lymphocytes and SMC found within high pressure systems
what is apoptosis
intracellular events leading to death of cell without release of harmful products