ICM_FALL_FINAL_MSI Flashcards
1
Q
Accommodation: CN? What occurs
A
CN III - Oculomotor; Lens shape & focal length change; : Change shape of lens (increase convexity to focus on near objects)
2
Q
Oculomotor CNIII; What muscles?
A
MR, IF, SR, IO
3
Q
Trochlear CNIV; What Muscles?
A
SO
4
Q
Abducens CNVI
A
LR
5
Q
What eye muscles tested in the H test? in each position?
A
RSR RIO/LIO LSR
RLR RMR/LMR LLR
RIR RSO/LSO LIR
6
Q
What two CN for pupil innervation?
A
CN II , CNIII
7
Q
Raccoon eyes
A
basilar skull fracture/facial fractures; blood from skull seeps into soft tissue around eyes bilaterally
8
Q
Battle’s Sign
A
postauricular ecchymosis- fracture line communicates with mastoid air cells results in blood in cutaneous tissues – named after dr William battle
9
Q
• Seborrheic dermatitis
A
dandruff; greasy, yellow, scaly, puritic/itchy
10
Q
• Alopecia
A
Hairloss
11
Q
• Psoriasis
A
pink plaques; no hair loss
12
Q
• Tinea capitis
A
- “scalp dermatophytosis”- Fungal infection- follicular inflammation- Painful- Hairloss-Extremely Puritic- Transmitted person/person- treat w/ antifungal cream
13
Q
• Cushing’s
A
+Excessive Cortisol; Obesity; Moon Face; Red Cheeks; Buffalo Hump
14
Q
• Down’s
A
Upslanting features/protruding tongue/heart defects/
15
Q
• Acromegaly
A
Excessive GH/All bones Enlarged
16
Q
• fetal alcohol syndrome
A
: Microcephaly/small eye/Smooth Philtrum/thin upper lip/deficient growth/Intellectual disability
17
Q
• Bell’s palsy
A
Facial nerve paralysis CNVII; Cant close eye/Uneven Smile/; o Treament Antiviral/Steroid/ lubrication for eye
18
Q
- List the different types of strabismus and know how they differ
A
- ESOTROPIA: Convergent : Inward eye (LR6 defective)
* EXOTROPIA: Divergent: Outward Eye (CN3 defective)
19
Q
What does eye do in palsy of CN 3,4,6 respectively
A
3- down/out
4- affected eye turns UP when looking to nose
6- inward
20
Q
Describe Horner’s Syndrome :
A
• PTOSIS (Upper lid drooping), MIOSIS: (constricted pupil), ANHIDROSIS (no sweat on affected side)
21
Q
- Define Adie’s pupil:
A
Tonic: Mydriasis- DILATION- reduced reaction to light- Slow near reaction (accomodation)
22
Q
• dacrocystitis
A
-Lacrimal Sac Inflammation (bacterial)- Abiotic/Drainage incision if needed
23
Q
• periorbital cellulitis
A
Eyelid Infection- Bacterial-usually spreads from sinusitis or dacryocystits- oral abiotics
24
Q
• chalazion
A
Eyelid Swelling from blocked sebaceous glands-granulomas/Chronic/not tender- warm compresses/surgical drainage
25
• hordeolum
STYE- pimple/boil of eyelid- STAPH/warm compress/topical abiotic/ incision drainage
26
Pingueculum
Yellow thickening conjunctiva on sclera- few symptoms, no vision loss. irritation
27
pterigium
Elevated growth of scleral conjunctiva invades cornea/ benign/surgically removed if vision impaired
28
• scleral icterus
Yellowing of Sclera-Elevated Bilirubin-Liver disease
29
exophthalmos
- protrusion of eyeballs-bilaterally- THYROID DISEASE
30
Conjunctivitis
Bacterial/Viral/Allergic-red conjunctiva/irritating/mucopurulent discharge/vision not affected
31
Episcleritis
Inflammation of episcleral vessels between conjunctiva and sclera (vessels appear movable over scleral surface)- idiopathic
32
• Uveitis
(uvea: iris, ciliary body, choroid) Painful Aching, Sensitive to light-photophobia, Blurry Vision, No discharge- Treat with steroids to decrease inflammation- Always in conjunction w/ an ophthalmologist.
33
Hypopon
pus in anterior chamber (behind cornea/anterior to iris)
34
• subconjunctival hemorrhage
Blood between conjunctiva/sclera-sharp demarcations-painless-spontaneous- no treatment needed other than reassurance
35
• hyphema
- Post injury blood in anterior chamber/may be sign of major intraocular trauma- can have vision loss, glaucoma, corneal bloodstaining, or optic atrophy
36
• , corneal burn
alkali-liquification necrosis/Acidic= coagulation necrosis
37
• corneal abrasion
- PAINFUL- Topical abiotics- MUST THINK ABOUT FOREIGN BODY UNDER EYELID!!!
38
eye puncture
Globe rupture- Teardrop pupil- Ophthalmologic Emergency- will have Positive Seidel Test
39
Cataract
Clouded lens- most common cause of blindness worldwide
40
st and describe the hypertensive/diabetic changes possible to find in the eye
• AV nicking when vessels cross
• Copper wiring- Hypertension
• Hypertensive retinopathy- Cotton wool spots/infarct nerve fibers
• Diabetic Neuropathy:
i. Hard exudates/creamy-yellow-bright-well defined borders
ii. Neovascularization- new retinal vessels arising from disc- high risk visual loss
•
41
• Copper wiring
Hypertension
42
Cotton wool spots/infarct nerve fibers
• Hypertensive retinopathy
43
• Diabetic Neuropathy:
i. Hard exudates/creamy-yellow-bright-well defined borders
| ii. Neovascularization- new retinal vessels arising from disc- high risk visual loss
44
Define normal cup-to-disc ratio-
Normal cup:disc Ratio is
45
20. Describe the effects of glaucoma to the eye
* Enlarged CUP CD ratio >1:2
* Retinal vessels are damaged over time
* Increased pressure
46
Define papilledema and the how it affects the eye
* High intracranial Pressure (elevated ICP)
* Optic nerve edema-swelling of optic disc; Disc not visible
* Seen in intracranial masses (tumors, lesions, hemorrhage, meningitis)
47
Describe the pathology associated with macular degeneration
* Caused by buildup of cellular debris “DRUSEN” Macula = high acuity vision
* Cause of poor central vision in older adults
48
i. Symptoms: otalgia(pain), otorrhea(drainage), headache, fever, irritability
ii. Causes: Viral/Bacterial Strep pneumo,
iii. Treatment: Oral antibiotics
otitis media-
49
i. Symptoms: middle-ear effusion/bubbles
ii. Causes- no infection
iii. Treatment- resolves within 6 weeks on its own
• serous effusion
50
i. Symptoms: Direct infection/inflammation; Extreme pain; Bubbles on TM
ii. Causes: Bacterial (Mycoplama/Strep/H.Flu)
iii. Treatment: oral abiotics
• bullous myringitits
51
i. Symptoms: TM Scarring/White patches=Hyaline deposits-
| ii. Causes- severe/repeated otitis media- may lead to hearing loss
Tympanosclerosis
52
i. Symptoms: Auricle/EAC Infection- Discharge out of ear
ii. Causes- Bacterial (pseudomona/Staph)-diabetics=malignant otitis externa
iii. Treatment- Topical abiotics
• otitis externa; swimmers ear
53
i. Symptoms- inflamed Mastoid Air cells
ii. Causes- spread of OM or OE
iii. Treatment- Parenteral IV antibiotics covering (Hflu,Moraxella, Strep, Staph)
• acute mastoiditis
54
WEBER test
Fork on head (normal = hear equal in both ears)
i. Unilateral CONDUCTION LOSS= LATERALIZES TO BAD EAR (otitis media, perforation, cerumen)
ii. Unilateral SENSORINEURAL LOSS= LATERALIZES TO GOOD EAR (Presbycusis, head trauma)
55
• RINNE test
Fork on mastoid until sound stopped/ move in front of ear
| i. If they can still hear it then (AC>BC) = NORMAL
56
Swollen Turbinates/Drainage/Tender Sinus/- Treat w/ Nasal Spray Steroids
sinusitis
57
Pale sac growths of inflamed tissue/Obstructs airway & sinus. (
i. Precipitated by allergic rhinitis, aspirin sensitivity, asthma, chronic sinus infections, and cystic fibrosis)
nasal polyps
58
Must be incised/drained/packed can cause Saddle nose deformity
nasal septal hematoma
59
29. List techniques to removal a foreign body from the ear or nose
• Katz Extractor/Suction/Alligator Forceps/ Farmers Blow/ Mothers Kiss
60
30. Define epistaxis and discuss causes and treatment; What "plexus" of concern?
Kiesselbachs plexus- (anterior more common) Posterior more serious harder to treat
• Treatment: Afrin, Cocain, Pledget, Tampon
61
- lip inflammation/ulceration at corners of mouth
| i. Caused by bad dentures/ Riboflavin deficiency
angular chelitis
62
Localized subcutaneous swelling/
i. Causes: ACE inhibitors or NSAIDS or Hereditary
ii. Can be life threatening if they cant breathe
angioedema
63
Candidiasis/YEAST infection candida fungus/thick white plaques (can be scraped off)
i. Commonly seen in breastfeeding infants
oral thrush
64
- Smooth Tongue-loss of papilla/Sore i. Caused by Deficiency (riboflavin/B12/Niacin/Folic Acid/pyridoxine/Fe/chemotherapy
atrophic glossitis
65
Thick white patches- benign/ HIV/AIDS – Plaques cant be removed- different from ?
Leukoplakia (different from candida-)
66
Canker Sore
apthous ulcer
67
33. List possible causes of tracheal deviation
• Can be caused by : Masses/Lung Collapse/Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
68
34. Be able to identify jugular venous distention by picture and list possible causes
• Red flag for Heart Failure
69
Identify components of APGAR
```
Appearance (body color)
Pulse (HR)
Grimace (Reflex Irritability)
Activity (Muscle Tone)
Respiration (crying)
```
70
APGAR Scoring- critical/worry./good at 1 min and at 5 min
at 1 min WORRY SCORE = 4-7
| at 5 min WORRY SCORE 0-7
71
SGA/LGA Weights
AGA- 5-8lbs
| 3800g
72
Pectus Excavatum
Concave depression in central chest
73
Protrusion of sternum and costal cartilage
Pectus Carinatum
74
metatarsus varus
Toes curve inward
75
talipes equinovarus
Club Food: ankle Inward Rotated
76
Caput Succedaneum
Crosses suture line
(between scalp and skull)-
serum and tissue fluid; edema (interstitial fluid)
77
Cephalohematoma
Doesn't cross suture line
(UNDER PERIOSTEUM)- mostly blood
(confined limits= danger)
78
Milaria Rubra
baby Red rash on face
79
Milia
Hundreds of tiny tiny white heads baby
80
Pustular Melanosis
White crusty around darker pigment (like pimple scab healing)
baby
81
Erythema Toxicum
common newborn rash looks like mosquito bites or hives. cause is unknown, and it resolves without treatment
82
Salmon Patches
neck Stork Bite
83
4 fontanels
i. Anterior fontanel
ii. Posterior Fontanel
iii. Sphenoid Fontanel (pterion)
iv. Mastoid Fontanel (asterion)
84
6 sutures
i. Coronal
ii. Metopic
iii. Sagittal
iv. Lambdoid
v. Mendosal
vi. Squamosal
85
no red reflex in child
Cataracts or Glaucoma
86
Leukocoria
White reflex in child
| Cataracts or retinoblastoma
87
metatarsus varus:
Toes curve inward
88
talipes equinovarus
Club Food: ankle Inward Rotated
