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ICM_FALL_FINAL_MSI Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation: CN? What occurs

A

CN III - Oculomotor; Lens shape & focal length change; : Change shape of lens (increase convexity to focus on near objects)

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2
Q

Oculomotor CNIII; What muscles?

A

MR, IF, SR, IO

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3
Q

Trochlear CNIV; What Muscles?

A

SO

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4
Q

Abducens CNVI

A

LR

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5
Q

What eye muscles tested in the H test? in each position?

A

RSR RIO/LIO LSR
RLR RMR/LMR LLR
RIR RSO/LSO LIR

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6
Q

What two CN for pupil innervation?

A

CN II , CNIII

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7
Q

Raccoon eyes

A

basilar skull fracture/facial fractures; blood from skull seeps into soft tissue around eyes bilaterally

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8
Q

Battle’s Sign

A

postauricular ecchymosis- fracture line communicates with mastoid air cells results in blood in cutaneous tissues – named after dr William battle

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9
Q

• Seborrheic dermatitis

A

dandruff; greasy, yellow, scaly, puritic/itchy

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10
Q

• Alopecia

A

Hairloss

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11
Q

• Psoriasis

A

pink plaques; no hair loss

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12
Q

• Tinea capitis

A
  • “scalp dermatophytosis”- Fungal infection- follicular inflammation- Painful- Hairloss-Extremely Puritic- Transmitted person/person- treat w/ antifungal cream
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13
Q

• Cushing’s

A

+Excessive Cortisol; Obesity; Moon Face; Red Cheeks; Buffalo Hump

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14
Q

• Down’s

A

Upslanting features/protruding tongue/heart defects/

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15
Q

• Acromegaly

A

Excessive GH/All bones Enlarged

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16
Q

• fetal alcohol syndrome

A

: Microcephaly/small eye/Smooth Philtrum/thin upper lip/deficient growth/Intellectual disability

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17
Q

• Bell’s palsy

A

Facial nerve paralysis CNVII; Cant close eye/Uneven Smile/; o Treament Antiviral/Steroid/ lubrication for eye

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18
Q
  1. List the different types of strabismus and know how they differ
A
  • ESOTROPIA: Convergent : Inward eye (LR6 defective)

* EXOTROPIA: Divergent: Outward Eye (CN3 defective)

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19
Q

What does eye do in palsy of CN 3,4,6 respectively

A

3- down/out
4- affected eye turns UP when looking to nose
6- inward

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20
Q

Describe Horner’s Syndrome :

A

• PTOSIS (Upper lid drooping), MIOSIS: (constricted pupil), ANHIDROSIS (no sweat on affected side)

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21
Q
  1. Define Adie’s pupil:
A

Tonic: Mydriasis- DILATION- reduced reaction to light- Slow near reaction (accomodation)

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22
Q

• dacrocystitis

A

-Lacrimal Sac Inflammation (bacterial)- Abiotic/Drainage incision if needed

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23
Q

• periorbital cellulitis

A

Eyelid Infection- Bacterial-usually spreads from sinusitis or dacryocystits- oral abiotics

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24
Q

• chalazion

A

Eyelid Swelling from blocked sebaceous glands-granulomas/Chronic/not tender- warm compresses/surgical drainage

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25
Q

• hordeolum

A

STYE- pimple/boil of eyelid- STAPH/warm compress/topical abiotic/ incision drainage

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26
Q

Pingueculum

A

Yellow thickening conjunctiva on sclera- few symptoms, no vision loss. irritation

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27
Q

pterigium

A

Elevated growth of scleral conjunctiva invades cornea/ benign/surgically removed if vision impaired

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28
Q

• scleral icterus

A

Yellowing of Sclera-Elevated Bilirubin-Liver disease

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29
Q

exophthalmos

A
  • protrusion of eyeballs-bilaterally- THYROID DISEASE
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30
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial/Viral/Allergic-red conjunctiva/irritating/mucopurulent discharge/vision not affected

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31
Q

Episcleritis

A

Inflammation of episcleral vessels between conjunctiva and sclera (vessels appear movable over scleral surface)- idiopathic

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32
Q

• Uveitis

A

(uvea: iris, ciliary body, choroid) Painful Aching, Sensitive to light-photophobia, Blurry Vision, No discharge- Treat with steroids to decrease inflammation- Always in conjunction w/ an ophthalmologist.

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33
Q

Hypopon

A

pus in anterior chamber (behind cornea/anterior to iris)

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34
Q

• subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Blood between conjunctiva/sclera-sharp demarcations-painless-spontaneous- no treatment needed other than reassurance

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35
Q

• hyphema

A
  • Post injury blood in anterior chamber/may be sign of major intraocular trauma- can have vision loss, glaucoma, corneal bloodstaining, or optic atrophy
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36
Q

• , corneal burn

A

alkali-liquification necrosis/Acidic= coagulation necrosis

37
Q

• corneal abrasion

A
  • PAINFUL- Topical abiotics- MUST THINK ABOUT FOREIGN BODY UNDER EYELID!!!
38
Q

eye puncture

A

Globe rupture- Teardrop pupil- Ophthalmologic Emergency- will have Positive Seidel Test

39
Q

Cataract

A

Clouded lens- most common cause of blindness worldwide

40
Q

st and describe the hypertensive/diabetic changes possible to find in the eye

A

• AV nicking when vessels cross
• Copper wiring- Hypertension
• Hypertensive retinopathy- Cotton wool spots/infarct nerve fibers
• Diabetic Neuropathy:
i. Hard exudates/creamy-yellow-bright-well defined borders
ii. Neovascularization- new retinal vessels arising from disc- high risk visual loss
•

41
Q

• Copper wiring

A

Hypertension

42
Q

Cotton wool spots/infarct nerve fibers

A

• Hypertensive retinopathy

43
Q

• Diabetic Neuropathy:

A

i. Hard exudates/creamy-yellow-bright-well defined borders

ii. Neovascularization- new retinal vessels arising from disc- high risk visual loss

44
Q

Define normal cup-to-disc ratio-

A

Normal cup:disc Ratio is

45
Q
  1. Describe the effects of glaucoma to the eye
A
  • Enlarged CUP CD ratio >1:2
  • Retinal vessels are damaged over time
  • Increased pressure
46
Q

Define papilledema and the how it affects the eye

A
  • High intracranial Pressure (elevated ICP)
  • Optic nerve edema-swelling of optic disc; Disc not visible
  • Seen in intracranial masses (tumors, lesions, hemorrhage, meningitis)
47
Q

Describe the pathology associated with macular degeneration

A
  • Caused by buildup of cellular debris “DRUSEN” Macula = high acuity vision
  • Cause of poor central vision in older adults
48
Q

i. Symptoms: otalgia(pain), otorrhea(drainage), headache, fever, irritability
ii. Causes: Viral/Bacterial Strep pneumo,
iii. Treatment: Oral antibiotics

A

otitis media-

49
Q

i. Symptoms: middle-ear effusion/bubbles
ii. Causes- no infection
iii. Treatment- resolves within 6 weeks on its own

A

• serous effusion

50
Q

i. Symptoms: Direct infection/inflammation; Extreme pain; Bubbles on TM
ii. Causes: Bacterial (Mycoplama/Strep/H.Flu)
iii. Treatment: oral abiotics

A

• bullous myringitits

51
Q

i. Symptoms: TM Scarring/White patches=Hyaline deposits-

ii. Causes- severe/repeated otitis media- may lead to hearing loss

A

Tympanosclerosis

52
Q

i. Symptoms: Auricle/EAC Infection- Discharge out of ear
ii. Causes- Bacterial (pseudomona/Staph)-diabetics=malignant otitis externa
iii. Treatment- Topical abiotics

A

• otitis externa; swimmers ear

53
Q

i. Symptoms- inflamed Mastoid Air cells
ii. Causes- spread of OM or OE
iii. Treatment- Parenteral IV antibiotics covering (Hflu,Moraxella, Strep, Staph)

A

• acute mastoiditis

54
Q

WEBER test

A

Fork on head (normal = hear equal in both ears)

i. Unilateral CONDUCTION LOSS= LATERALIZES TO BAD EAR (otitis media, perforation, cerumen)
ii. Unilateral SENSORINEURAL LOSS= LATERALIZES TO GOOD EAR (Presbycusis, head trauma)

55
Q

• RINNE test

A

Fork on mastoid until sound stopped/ move in front of ear

i. If they can still hear it then (AC>BC) = NORMAL

56
Q

Swollen Turbinates/Drainage/Tender Sinus/- Treat w/ Nasal Spray Steroids

57
Q

Pale sac growths of inflamed tissue/Obstructs airway & sinus. (
i. Precipitated by allergic rhinitis, aspirin sensitivity, asthma, chronic sinus infections, and cystic fibrosis)

A

nasal polyps

58
Q

Must be incised/drained/packed can cause Saddle nose deformity

A

nasal septal hematoma

59
Q
  1. List techniques to removal a foreign body from the ear or nose
A

• Katz Extractor/Suction/Alligator Forceps/ Farmers Blow/ Mothers Kiss

60
Q
  1. Define epistaxis and discuss causes and treatment; What “plexus” of concern?
A

Kiesselbachs plexus- (anterior more common) Posterior more serious harder to treat
• Treatment: Afrin, Cocain, Pledget, Tampon

61
Q
  • lip inflammation/ulceration at corners of mouth

i. Caused by bad dentures/ Riboflavin deficiency

A

angular chelitis

62
Q

Localized subcutaneous swelling/

i. Causes: ACE inhibitors or NSAIDS or Hereditary
ii. Can be life threatening if they cant breathe

A

angioedema

63
Q

Candidiasis/YEAST infection candida fungus/thick white plaques (can be scraped off)
i. Commonly seen in breastfeeding infants

A

oral thrush

64
Q
  • Smooth Tongue-loss of papilla/Sore i. Caused by Deficiency (riboflavin/B12/Niacin/Folic Acid/pyridoxine/Fe/chemotherapy
A

atrophic glossitis

65
Q

Thick white patches- benign/ HIV/AIDS – Plaques cant be removed- different from ?

A

Leukoplakia (different from candida-)

66
Q

Canker Sore

A

apthous ulcer

67
Q
  1. List possible causes of tracheal deviation
A

• Can be caused by : Masses/Lung Collapse/Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

68
Q
  1. Be able to identify jugular venous distention by picture and list possible causes
A

• Red flag for Heart Failure

69
Q

Identify components of APGAR

A 
Appearance (body color)
Pulse (HR)
Grimace (Reflex Irritability)
Activity (Muscle Tone)
Respiration (crying)
70
Q

APGAR Scoring- critical/worry./good at 1 min and at 5 min

A

at 1 min WORRY SCORE = 4-7

at 5 min WORRY SCORE 0-7

71
Q

SGA/LGA Weights

A

AGA- 5-8lbs

3800g

72
Q

Pectus Excavatum

A

Concave depression in central chest

73
Q

Protrusion of sternum and costal cartilage

A

Pectus Carinatum

74
Q

metatarsus varus

A

Toes curve inward

75
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

Club Food: ankle Inward Rotated

76
Q

Caput Succedaneum

A

Crosses suture line
(between scalp and skull)-

serum and tissue fluid; edema (interstitial fluid)

77
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

Doesn’t cross suture line
(UNDER PERIOSTEUM)- mostly blood
(confined limits= danger)

78
Q

Milaria Rubra

A

baby Red rash on face

79
Q

Milia

A

Hundreds of tiny tiny white heads baby

80
Q

Pustular Melanosis

A

White crusty around darker pigment (like pimple scab healing)
baby

81
Q

Erythema Toxicum

A

common newborn rash looks like mosquito bites or hives. cause is unknown, and it resolves without treatment

82
Q

Salmon Patches

A

neck Stork Bite

83
Q

4 fontanels

A

i. Anterior fontanel
ii. Posterior Fontanel
iii. Sphenoid Fontanel (pterion)
iv. Mastoid Fontanel (asterion)

84
Q

6 sutures

A

i. Coronal
ii. Metopic
iii. Sagittal
iv. Lambdoid
v. Mendosal
vi. Squamosal

85
Q

no red reflex in child

A

Cataracts or Glaucoma

86
Q

Leukocoria

A

White reflex in child

Cataracts or retinoblastoma

87
Q

metatarsus varus:

A

Toes curve inward

88
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

Club Food: ankle Inward Rotated

ICM (2 decks)

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