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ICM > ICM_EXAM1_SKIN > Flashcards

ICM_EXAM1_SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

List and describe the significance of the 4 skin pigments

A
  1. Melanin- (melanocytes/basale/sun)
  2. Carotene (yellow pigment-vitA precursor)
  3. Oxyhemoglobin (bright red in capillaries, increased flow=blushing, decreased bf= pale)
  4. Deoxyhemoglobin (cyanosis)
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2
Q

ID patient w/ cyanosis

A
  • C- blue/purple fingertips/fingernails
  • Perioral around infant lips/mouth after birth/24-48hours goes away

Central cyanosis: blue/purple face & eyelids & lips- congenital heart disease

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3
Q

ID patient with Jaundice

A

yellow skin/sclera- babies (use phototherapy)

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4
Q

Blanchable lesions

A
  • Urticaria (hives)

- Wheal

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5
Q

Non-Blanchable lesions

A
  1. Hemorrhagic lesions:
    PETECHIAE, PALPABLE PURPURA from vasculitis
  2. Cherry angiomas
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6
Q

Skin exam for temperature, texture, turgor

A
  1. temp- dorsum of hand
  2. texture- smooth/soft
  3. Turgor- forearm pinch (thigh in elderly)-quick rebound

Avoid using back of hand

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7
Q

Acne Vulgaris- presentation & distribution

A
  1. Elevated, filled with pus

2. Distribution: Upper chest, back, face

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8
Q

Atopic Dermatitis- 2 Types; presentation & distribution

A
  1. Excoriation: Abrasion/scratch
  2. Lichenification: thickening/roughening of skin from rubbing (skin markings become more visible)

Distribution: (flexion surfaces): Inferior aspect of posterior neck, Folds of elbow, posterior knee

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9
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

A
  1. Thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

Distribution:
Anterior: Chest, abdomen, upper legs.
Posterior: upper back to butt cheecks

CHRISTMAS TREE PATTERN

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10
Q

PSORIASIS

A

Elevated, palpable >0.5 cm

Anterior/posterior fingers
Anterior knee, posterior elbow, superior to but crack,
Posterior head

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11
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A
  1. Scaly patches and redness

Central chest (sternal area). Entire head

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12
Q

Dermatomal lesions:- example

A

Follow a nerve segment

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

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13
Q

Target appearance

A

Erythema Multiforme

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14
Q

Umbilicated

A

Looks like it has indentations in it

Molluscum contagiosum

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15
Q

Discoid

A

Coin shaped, No Central clearing

Nummular eczema

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16
Q

Annular

A

Round, active margins w/ central clearing

Tinea corporis (ring worm)

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17
Q

Herpes zoster distribution/shape/arrangement

A

Shingles- Dermatomal

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18
Q

Psoriasis (distribution/example)

A

Extensor surfaces/ gluteal cleft

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19
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

face back chest

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20
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Eczema

Flexor surfaces

21
Q

Pityriasis rosaea

A

Christmas tree pattern

22
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

Scalp

23
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Umbilicated

24
Q

Nummular eczema

A

Discoid

25
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ringworm- Annular

26
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Targetoid

27
Q

Define the primary skin lesions

3 categories and name each type (10 types)

A

Arise from normal skin

  1. Circumscribed, flat, nonpalpable
    - MACULE or PATCH
  2. Palpable, elevated solid masses
    - PAPULE, PLAQUE, NODULE, TUMOR, WHEAL
  3. Superficial elevations by free fluid
    - VESICLE, BULLA, PUSTULE
28
Q

Define the secondary skin lesions 3 categories and related types (10 types)

A

Result from changes in primary lesions

  1. loss of skin surface
    - EROSION, ULCER, FISSURE
  2. Material on skin surface
    - CRUST, SCALE
  3. Miscellaneous lesions
    - LICHENIFICATION, EXCORATION, ATROPHY, SCAR, BURROW
29
Q

ABCDEF’s of Malignant Melanoma

A 
Asymmetry
Borders irregular
Color variegated
diameter >6mm
Evolution
Funny looking
30
Q

Anatomy of the nail

A 
Lateral fold
Proximal fold
free edge
Lunula
Cuticle
Nail plate
31
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Pulling/plucking/twisting hair
shafts broken
children/psychosocial stress

32
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Autoimmune
Smooth bald spot
No broken hairs
One solid patch

33
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Round scaling patches
Hair broken off close to surface of scalp
FuNgLe infection

34
Q

Atopic dermatitis and Psoriasis Where Found?

A

Atopic dermatitis- Flexor surfaces

Psoriasis- Extensor surfaces

35
Q

Flat - Non-palpable circumscribed

A

Macule (frecks)

36
Q

Flat- non-palpable circumscribed > 0.5cm

A

Patch (cafe au lait-birthmark, vitiligo-like spots on a cow)

37
Q

Palpable, elevated solid masses

A

Papule (Warts, Nevi- “moles”)

38
Q

Palpable elevated solid masses >0.5cm

A

Plaque (psoriasis)

39
Q

Palpable elevated solid masses >0.5cm-
deeper than papule
Height > width

A

Nodule- (lipomas or rheumatoid nodules)

40
Q

Palpable, elevated solid masses >2cm-
Large nodule
deepest

A

Tumor- Hemangioma

41
Q
  1. Palpable Elevated solid masses
  2. Irregular, transient, superficial edema
  3. Blanches
A

Wheal (urticaria-hives, allergic reaction)

42
Q

Superficial elevations by free fluid

A

Vesicle

43
Q

Superficial elevations by free fluid

>0.5 cm Serous Filled

A

Bulla (blisters/2nd deg burns)

44
Q

Superficial elevations by free fluid

Elevated, filled with pus

A

Pustule (acne, ant bites)

45
Q

Loss of superficial epidermis (ruptured blister)

A

Erosion

46
Q

Deeper loss of epidermis and dermis

can bleed- heals with scarring

A

Ulcer

47
Q

Linear crack from epidermis to dermis

A

Fissure (eczema, tinea pedis, angular chelitis)

48
Q

Material on skin- dried residue or serum, pus or blood

A

CRUST

49
Q

Material on skin- thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

A

SCALE

ICM (2 decks)

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