ICM_EXAM1_SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

List and describe the significance of the 4 skin pigments

A
  1. Melanin- (melanocytes/basale/sun)
  2. Carotene (yellow pigment-vitA precursor)
  3. Oxyhemoglobin (bright red in capillaries, increased flow=blushing, decreased bf= pale)
  4. Deoxyhemoglobin (cyanosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ID patient w/ cyanosis

A
  • C- blue/purple fingertips/fingernails
  • Perioral around infant lips/mouth after birth/24-48hours goes away

Central cyanosis: blue/purple face & eyelids & lips- congenital heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ID patient with Jaundice

A

yellow skin/sclera- babies (use phototherapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blanchable lesions

A
  • Urticaria (hives)

- Wheal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Non-Blanchable lesions

A
  1. Hemorrhagic lesions:
    PETECHIAE, PALPABLE PURPURA from vasculitis
  2. Cherry angiomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Skin exam for temperature, texture, turgor

A
  1. temp- dorsum of hand
  2. texture- smooth/soft
  3. Turgor- forearm pinch (thigh in elderly)-quick rebound

Avoid using back of hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acne Vulgaris- presentation & distribution

A
  1. Elevated, filled with pus

2. Distribution: Upper chest, back, face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atopic Dermatitis- 2 Types; presentation & distribution

A
  1. Excoriation: Abrasion/scratch
  2. Lichenification: thickening/roughening of skin from rubbing (skin markings become more visible)

Distribution: (flexion surfaces): Inferior aspect of posterior neck, Folds of elbow, posterior knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

A
  1. Thin flake of exfoliated epidermis

Distribution:
Anterior: Chest, abdomen, upper legs.
Posterior: upper back to butt cheecks

CHRISTMAS TREE PATTERN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PSORIASIS

A

Elevated, palpable >0.5 cm

Anterior/posterior fingers
Anterior knee, posterior elbow, superior to but crack,
Posterior head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A
  1. Scaly patches and redness

Central chest (sternal area). Entire head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermatomal lesions:- example

A

Follow a nerve segment

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Target appearance

A

Erythema Multiforme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Umbilicated

A

Looks like it has indentations in it

Molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Discoid

A

Coin shaped, No Central clearing

Nummular eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Annular

A

Round, active margins w/ central clearing

Tinea corporis (ring worm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Herpes zoster distribution/shape/arrangement

A

Shingles- Dermatomal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Psoriasis (distribution/example)

A

Extensor surfaces/ gluteal cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

face back chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atopic dermatitis

A

Eczema

Flexor surfaces

21
Q

Pityriasis rosaea

A

Christmas tree pattern

22
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

23
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Umbilicated

24
Q

Nummular eczema

25
Tinea corporis
Ringworm- Annular
26
Erythema multiforme
Targetoid
27
Define the primary skin lesions | 3 categories and name each type (10 types)
Arise from normal skin 1. Circumscribed, flat, nonpalpable - MACULE or PATCH 2. Palpable, elevated solid masses - PAPULE, PLAQUE, NODULE, TUMOR, WHEAL 3. Superficial elevations by free fluid - VESICLE, BULLA, PUSTULE
28
Define the secondary skin lesions 3 categories and related types (10 types)
Result from changes in primary lesions 1. loss of skin surface - EROSION, ULCER, FISSURE 2. Material on skin surface - CRUST, SCALE 3. Miscellaneous lesions - LICHENIFICATION, EXCORATION, ATROPHY, SCAR, BURROW
29
ABCDEF's of Malignant Melanoma
``` Asymmetry Borders irregular Color variegated diameter >6mm Evolution Funny looking ```
30
Anatomy of the nail
``` Lateral fold Proximal fold free edge Lunula Cuticle Nail plate ```
31
Trichotillomania
Pulling/plucking/twisting hair shafts broken children/psychosocial stress
32
Alopecia Areata
Autoimmune Smooth bald spot No broken hairs One solid patch
33
Tinea Capitis
Round scaling patches Hair broken off close to surface of scalp FuNgLe infection
34
Atopic dermatitis and Psoriasis Where Found?
Atopic dermatitis- Flexor surfaces | Psoriasis- Extensor surfaces
35
Flat - Non-palpable circumscribed
Macule (frecks)
36
Flat- non-palpable circumscribed > 0.5cm
Patch (cafe au lait-birthmark, vitiligo-like spots on a cow)
37
Palpable, elevated solid masses
Papule (Warts, Nevi- "moles")
38
Palpable elevated solid masses >0.5cm
Plaque (psoriasis)
39
Palpable elevated solid masses >0.5cm- deeper than papule Height > width
Nodule- (lipomas or rheumatoid nodules)
40
Palpable, elevated solid masses >2cm- Large nodule deepest
Tumor- Hemangioma
41
1. Palpable Elevated solid masses 2. Irregular, transient, superficial edema 3. Blanches
Wheal (urticaria-hives, allergic reaction)
42
Superficial elevations by free fluid
Vesicle
43
Superficial elevations by free fluid | >0.5 cm Serous Filled
Bulla (blisters/2nd deg burns)
44
Superficial elevations by free fluid | Elevated, filled with pus
Pustule (acne, ant bites)
45
Loss of superficial epidermis (ruptured blister)
Erosion
46
Deeper loss of epidermis and dermis | can bleed- heals with scarring
Ulcer
47
Linear crack from epidermis to dermis
Fissure (eczema, tinea pedis, angular chelitis)
48
Material on skin- dried residue or serum, pus or blood
CRUST
49
Material on skin- thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
SCALE