Icing

Question 1

Ice formation

Answer 1

ambient temperature skin temperature moisture content in air ice crystals

Question 2

Meterological conditions

Answer 2

supercooled clouds ice crystal clouds snow freezing

Question 3

Types of ice

Answer 3

Clear Rime

Question 4

Clear ice

Answer 4

hard heavy glossy tenacious difficult to remove with deicing equipment

Question 5

Clear ice formation

Answer 5

formation occurs when the water droplets are large Clear ice is formed when water flows over the aircraft surface slowly freezing as a smooth sheet of solid ice

Question 6

Rime ice

Answer 6

brittle frost like light easily removable

Question 7

Rime ice formation

Answer 7

formation occurs when the water droplets are small droplets freeze rapidly on initial impact and have a white appearance irregular shape and rough surface decrease effectiveness of the aerodynamic efficiency of the airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag

Question 8

Ice formation on the ground

Answer 8

ice forms on aircraft surfaces due to precipitation

Question 9

Ice formation at altitude

Answer 9

supercooled water droplets in clouds or rain solidify on impact with aircraft structure at a sufficiently low temperature

Question 10

Accretion

Answer 10

This occurs on areas of the airframe where the airflow is close to stagnation e.g. wing, tailplane leading edges, engine intake

Question 11

Effects of ice

Answer 11

loss of lift increase in stall speed increased drag, reduced thrust increased mass CG change controllability-aircraft unbalanced therefore loss of control systems malfunction higher fuel burn reduced visibility

Question 12

Factors affecting the rate of accretion

Answer 12

temperature of surface radius and sweep size and temperature of water droplets aircraft altitude intensity of icing conditions

Question 13

Ice detectors

Answer 13

visual- hot rod probe vibrating probe differential pressure sensor serrated rotor

Question 14

Deicing

Answer 14

removal of ice accretion by various means in flight

Question 15

Anti-icing

Answer 15

measures to prevent formation of ice during flight

Question 16

Deicing methods

Answer 16

pneumatic boots fluid ice zapper cyclic electric heating panels

Question 17

Pneumatic boots

Answer 17

reinforced synthetic rubber layer overlaid on the susceptible surface and periodically inflated breaking and shedding the ice

Question 18

Fluid

Answer 18

used to ensure aircraft surface is free of ice at take off

Question 19

Ice zapper

Answer 19

electro-expulsive system highly accelerated movement is generated that pulverises the ice

Question 20

Anti-icing

Answer 20

hot air is projected on the inside of a surface subject to icing such as a wing leading edge hot bleed air is harvested from engine compressor