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Physical Geography > Ice On The Land > Flashcards

Ice On The Land Flashcards

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1
Q

Name two evidences of change

A
  • Fossil
  • Chemical
  • Geological
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2
Q

What is Glacial Budget?

A

The glacial budget is the difference between total accumulation and total ablation for one year.

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3
Q

What is a Glacier?

A

A finger (river) of ice usually extending downhill from an ice cap or occupying a valley.

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4
Q

What is an Ice Sheet?

A

A large body of ice over 50,000km2

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5
Q

What is an Ice Cap?

A

A smaller body of ice (less than 50,000km2) usually found in mountainous regions.

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6
Q

Name one way that ice shapes the land.

A
  • Erosion

* Weathering

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7
Q

What are the 4 steps of freeze thaw weathering?

A
  1. Meltwater or rainwater runs into cracks in a solid cliff.
  2. Meltwater freezes, expands and forces cracks to widen.
  3. Ice melts again, loose blocks fall as scree. Water fills the new crack.
  4. Pile of scree forms below the cliff.
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8
Q

Name one type of Glacial Erosion.

A
  • Plucking

* Abrasion

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9
Q

What is Bergschrund?

A

Water and debris that falls into a crack in the ice.

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10
Q

When does Plucking occur?

A

As ice forms around rock fragments.

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11
Q

When does Abrasion occur?

A

As rocks are scraped along the base.

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12
Q

What is a Ribbon Lake?

A

A lake in the bottom of a glacial trough formed by lots of plucking or deposition of moraine. There are many examples in the lake district such as windermere, buttermere or coniston water.

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13
Q

What is an Erratic?

A

A glacial erratic is a piece of rock that is different from the size and type of rock from that area; the name “erratic” is based on the random location of these boulders.

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14
Q

What is Lateral Moraine?

A

Lateral Moraine is found on the sides of the glacier. Scree, from frost shattering, is an important source.

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15
Q

What is Medical Moraine?

A

Medical Moraine is found down the middle of the glacial surface and occurs when the inner lateral moraines of two glaciers join.

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16
Q

What is Ground Moraine?

A

Ground Moraine is found at the base (bottom) of the ice. It is called till or boulder clay. This comes from abrasion on the base of the glacier.

17
Q

What is Terminal Moraine?

A

Terminal Moraine is found in the front of the snout of the glacier if it is stationary. It represents the maximum advance of the ice. This is the largest and widest moraine.

18
Q

What is Recessional Moraine?

A

Recessional Moraine is found behind terminal moraine but is not as wide or high. There may be several recessional moraines. Recessional moraine marks where the glacier has retreated and then stopped retreating depositing material.

19
Q

What attracts tourists to glaciated areas in winter? Name four things.

A
  • Skiing
  • Snowboarding
  • Cross-country skiing
  • Ice climing
  • Free Riding
  • Paragliding
  • Snowshoe
  • Hotels, Restaurants, heated pools, spas
  • Museums, shops and historical buildings.
20
Q

What attracts tourists to glaciated areas in the summer? Name four things.

A
  • Glacier sightseeing/walking
  • Ice caves
  • Hiking
  • Mountain Biking
  • Rock climing
  • Mountaineering
  • Paragliding
  • Rafting
  • Pony Trekking
  • Summer luging
  • Outdoor Cafe
21
Q

What is Responsible Tourism?

A

The idea of encouraging a balance between the demands of tourism and the need to protect the environment.

22
Q

What is Sustainable Management?

A

A form of management that ensures that developments are long lasting and non-harmful to the environment.

23
Q

What is a Fragile Environment?

A

Places that are easily damaged and difficult to manage, for example, in areas covered by snow and ice there’s only a short growing season so plants don’t have much time to recover if they are damaged and decay is slow because it’s so cold so pollution or littler remain in the environment for a long time.

24
Q

What is the case study for tourism in Glaciated Areas?

A

Chamomix, The French Alps.

25
Q

What is a snow avalanche?

A

These are powdery avalanches, usually starting from a single point.

26
Q

What are Slab Avalanches?

A

These are large-scale avalanches formed when a slab of ice and snow breaks away from the main ice pack. It has immense power and can cause a great deal of damage.

Physical Geography (4 decks)

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