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PR3153 > IC1 Anatomy of the CNS > Flashcards

IC1 Anatomy of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS is comprised of

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Where is the brain located in & what are the parts of a brain?

A

Location
in the cranial cavity, protected by the skull and meninges (layers within skull)

Parts
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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3
Q

The forebrain includes ______
The hindbrain includes ______

A

Forebrain
Cerebrum (more outside)
Diencephalon (more inside)

Hindbrain
Medulla oblongata
Pons (front of medulla oblongata)
Cerebellum (behind medulla oblongata & pons)

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4
Q

The brainstem 🌷 includes

A
  • Midbrain (very important, is where most neuromodulators/peptide transmitters like dopamine, serotonin are)
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
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5
Q

What is the importance of the brainstem?

A
  1. Holds brain structure up
  2. Connects brain to spinal cord
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6
Q

Describe the cerebrum

A
  • largest part of the brain
  • consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure running through the midline
  • responsible for many things including learning, thinking, emotions
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7
Q

What is located on the surface of the cerebrum’s hemispheres

A
  • cerebral cortex, a layer of grey matter
  • contains grooves called the gyri & sulci (used to “divide” the brain into different lobes)
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8
Q

What is the difference between grey & white matter?

A

Grey matter
mostly neuronal cell bodies

White matter
axons coming out of the cell bodies

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9
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the brain

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Parietal
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10
Q

Describe the position of the frontal lobe in relation to the central sulcus & lateral fissure

A
  • Anterior to central sulcus
  • Superior to lateral fissure
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11
Q

Describe the position of the parietal lobe in relation to the central sulcus & lateral fissure

A
  • Posterior to central sulcus
  • Superior to lateral fissure
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12
Q

Describe the position of the temporal lobe in relation to the fissure

A
  • Inferior to the lateral fissure
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13
Q

Describe the position of the occipital lobe in relation to surrounding fissure & lobes

A
  • Posterior to parietal and temporal lobes
  • Separated by parieto-occipital sulcus
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14
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

mostly thalamus & hypothalamus

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15
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

forms the lower part of the lateral wall and floor of the third ventricle

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16
Q

The midbrain connects the _____ to the _____

A

forebrain to the hindbrain

17
Q

What does the midbrain consist of?

A

Cranial nerves
III
IV
Nuclei associated with
III
IV
V
Visual and auditory pathways
(superior colliculus important for visual information, inferior for auditory)

Fiber tracts
Ascending (spinal cord to brain)
Descending fibers (from brain to motor system)

18
Q

What does nuclei refer to?

A

refers to a cluster of neurons ≠ nucleus of a cell

19
Q

Describe the locations of pons in relation to surrounding structures

A
  • Inferior to midbrain
  • Superior to medulla oblongata
20
Q

What does pons consist of?

A

Cranial nerves
V, VI, VII, VIII

Nuclei associated with
V
VI
VII
VIII

Fiber tracts
Ascending and descending fibers

21
Q

Medulla oblongata is the most ______ portion of the brain

A

inferior

22
Q

What does medulla oblongata consist of?

A

Cranial nerves
IX, X, XI, XII

Nuclei associated with
V
IX
X
XI
XII
Cardiovascular and respiratory function (most important, dictates speed of HR, rhythm of breathing)

Fiber tracts
Ascending and descending fibers

23
Q

Describe the cerebellum & its position of in relation to nearby structures

A
  • consists of a midline (vermis) and 2 hemispheres
  • connected to the brainstem
  • posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata
24
Q

Where is the spinal cord located?

A
  • in the vertebral column
  • protected by meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • central canal (hole throughout spinal cord) is filled w CSF
  • continuous with the brain at the foramen magnum of the skull
  • and tapers off into the conus medullaris
25
Q

The spinal cord consists of

A

Spinal nerves
Grey matter
Fiber tracts

26
Q

The PNS comprises of

A

Cranial (12 pairs) and Spinal (31 pairs) nerves

PR3153 (7 decks)

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