IC1 Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
What are the 4 components of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, terminals
How is a signal transmitted across a synapse?
- Pre-synaptic neuron to post-synaptic neuron
When a pre-synaptic neuron is activated, it sends signals to the terminal. This leads to an opening of calcium channels and [Ca2+] in the cytosol increases.
When [Ca2+] increases, it triggers exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, where the neurotransmitters bind to receptors found on the membrane of the post synaptic cleft.
What are the 3 types of non-neuronal cells?
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia
How many pairs are there in:
1. Cranial nerves
2. Spinal nerves
- Cranial nerves - 12 pairs
- Spinal nerves - 31 pairs
What is the difference between Schwann cells VS oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes produces myelin sheath for the CNS.
Schwann cells produces myelin sheath for the PNS
What are the 2 pairs of arteries that supply blood to the brain?
- Left & right internal carotid arteries
- Left & right vertebral arteries
What is the special function of the Circle of Wilis?
When one side is obstructed, the circle of Wilis can help to supply blood to the opposite side.
- Usually effective if occlusion is gradual
- Ineffective if occlusion is sudden
What are the 2 types of stroke?
- Ischaemic stroke
- Haemorrhagic stroke
Where do blood in the brain drain into?
Venous sinuses
E.g Blood in the superior part of the brain drains into superior sagittal sinus
What is subdural haemorrhage?
Subdural is a region between the brain and the skull.
Subdural haemorrhage is a rupture of a cerebral vein, resulting in increase intracranial pressure.
This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headache, drowsiness, confusion and etc.
