IBEC Study Flashcards
What does Laser stand for?
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
What is the distance measured in nanometers between two peaks or two troughs known as?
Wavelength
Light of only one color and one specific wavelength is known as?
Monochromatic
Refraction is also known as what?
Transmission
The process where by a newly created photon of light (generated through amplification) acquires energy equal to photons that created it is known as?
Stimulated Emission
The state of equilibrium or middle state of light:
Metastable State
Who theorized stimulated emission?
Albert Einstein
The part of the laser that contains the active medium is called what?
Resinator cavity
What are the states of light in stimulated emission? (GEMS)
Ground State
Excited State
Metastable State
Singlet State
Alexandrite laser is in the visible light spectrum at what wavelength?
755 nm
The Nd:YAG laser falls in the invisible light spectrum at what wavelength?
1064 nm
What type of wave is used in laser hair removal?
Pulsed
A chromophore is also known as what?
Target
The chromophore absorbs what?
Energy
Goggles worn by the patient and practitioner must be approved by which group?
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for Class 3B and 4 Lasers
Each laser wavelength is what to its machine?
Specific
What are the parameters when doing laser hair removal? (4)
Wavelength
Fluence
Spot Size
Pulse Width
Pulsed lasers allow for selective heating of specific targets, this is also known as?
Selective Photothermolysis
The rate/amount of energy delivered within a given area is known as?
Fluence
An increase in fluence equals an increase in what?
Heat, resulting in more damage
The length of time the light/energy is in contact with the target that is measured in milliseconds (ms) is:
Pulse width/Pulse duration
Which Hepatitis is transmitted through fecal-oral transmission and can survive for months?
Hepatitis A
Which disease is inflammation of the liver (viral infection)
Hepatitis (most common: A, B, C)
How often should you verify the proper use and function of sterilization equipment?
At least monthly
A stain, spot, or thickening;
A discolored spot on the skin that is not elevated above the surface is known as:
macule
A small mass or body; a blood cell:
Corpuscle
A simple parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll, true roots, stems, and leaves and is reproduced by spores; they feed on living or dead organic material.
Fungus
What is a unit of protoplasm consisting of a nucleus, surrounded by cytoplasm, and enclosed in a cell membrane?
Cell
What includes the brain and the spinal cord, enclosed by the skull and vertebral canal?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
An injury to the surface of the skin caused by scratching or abrasion?
Excoriation
A corrosive chemical or agent that is capable of burning or destroying living tissue is called what?
Caustic agent
In electricity, the number of cycles per second of alternating current refers to:
Frequency (Hz)
A congenital anomaly characterized by excessive bleeding due to deficiency of the coagulation factor:
Hemophilia
An inflammatory skin disease, characterized by the formation of small vesicles in clusters; highly contagious:
Herpes
A benign tumor usually composed of mature fat cells is called?
Lipoma
A scab or dry crust resulting from a thermal or chemical burn or infection:
Eschar
A vast, complex network of capillaries, thin vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs that help protect and maintain fluid environment of the entire body:
Lymphatic system
The process of eliminating, shedding, or getting rid of substances/waste matter that is produced by some cells from the body:
Excretion
Also known as Shingles; an acute, unilateral, self-limited inflammatory disease of the nerve endings, caused by chicken pox and characterized by groups of small vesicles in the cutaneous areas of the affected nerves, and is associated with neurological pain:
Herpes Zoster
A blister containing fluid:
Bulla
A collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ, usually resulting from trauma:
Hematoma
A tan or brown macule on the skin brought on by the decomposition of melanocytes in the skin in response to sun exposure; freckle is also known as:
lentigo
Painful menstruation is also known as?
Dysmenorrhea
What is a superficial inflammatory process involving primarily the epidermis, papillose and vesicles that weep, ooze or crust and often cause pigment changes?
Eczema
A hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to particular allergens, re-exposure to particular allergens, or re-exposure bringing to light an altered capacity to react is known as what:
Allergy
What is the absence of, or abnormal stoppage of the menses known as?
Amenorrhea
What are red blood cells or corpuscles also known as (function is to transport oxygen)?
Erythrocyte
What term is pertaining to electrolysis or to an electrolyte?
Electrolytic
Excessive formation of cells:
Hyperplasia
The cellular covering of the internal and external organs of the body, including the lining of vessels- it consists of cells bound together by connective material and varies in the number of layers and kind of cells within it.
Epithelium
Any visible, local abnormality to the tissues of the body as a wound, sore, rash or boil:
Lesion
An electrolysis needle that is coated with insulating material except for the tip:
Insulated needle/probe
Dry, scaly skin characterized by the deficiency of sebum is known as?
Asteatosis
Also known as the cutis, true skin, or dermis; the layer under the epidermis, consisting of dense vascular connective tissue, and containing the nerves and terminal organs:
Corium
What relates to the raising of the body tissue temperature using high frequency current, short wave, microwave, or ultrasonic wave?
Diathermy
An infection caused by Type-2 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV2), usually transmitted by sexual contact, and causes painful vesicular eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitalia of males and females:
Genital Herpes
Not recurrent or progressive, non-malignant:
Benign
Brown patches of irregular shape and size on the skin, commonly called melasma, and is associated with pregnancy, menopause, and oral contraceptives:
Chloasma
Thin layer of tissue that covers surfaces, lines a cavity, or divides a space:
Membrane
A scar:
Cicatrix
Any radio frequency between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz); thermolysis modality of permanent hair removal; excites water molecules in the base of the follicle causing generation of heat and thus desiccating the tissue:
High-frequency current
Blood loss used to describe episodes of bleeding that last more than a few minutes, compromise organ or tissue perfusion, or threaten life:
Hemorrhage
The thickest of the three layers of the inner root sheath of a hair follicle, lying between Henle’s layer and the inner sheath cuticle:
Huxley’s Layer
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues:
Infection
Either pole or terminal of an electric cell; in electrolysis, the needle is negative and the rod is positive:
Electrode
The innermost part of the hair shaft and is composed of round cells:
Medulla
Hair dimension category that is midway between vellus and terminal, when measured in terms of coarseness and texture:
Intermediate Hair
A hair follicle that may have been damaged from a previous event or naturally bent out of a normal shape:
Distorted follicle
A new growth or malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and may infiltrate local tissues or produce metastates:
Carcinoma
An acute viral disease marked by groups of vesicles on the skin, often on the borders of the lips or the genitals:
Herpes Simplex Virus
Sizes for probes?
440..002 - .006
An insoluble protein that is essential to the clotting of blood:
Fibrin
The transfer of disease from an original to one or more parts of the body by way of the blood vessels, lymphatic or membranous surfaces; tuberculosis or cancer for example.
Metastasis (cancer metastasizing)
Which probe is great for coarse hair with deep, straight follicles?
One-piece probes
To cause to clot; to change from liquid to solid:
Coagulate
The current flow continuously reverses its direction; electrons move back and forth along a conductor:
Alternating current (AC)
Use of positive pole to produce an acid effect on the skin; closes follicles, decreases redness, and reestablishes proper skin pH.
Cataphoresis
A non-living hair that is detached from the lower portion of the hair follicles starts to form in the catagen:
Club hair
Use of negative pole to produce an alkaline effect on the skin; increases blood supply, softens skin, stimulates nerves, and forces liquids into the skin.
Anaphoresis
Constant, even-flowing traveling in one direction:
Direct current (DC)
One thousandth of an ampere is:
Milliampere (mA)
Resistance is measured in?
Ohms
Strength is measured in?
Amperes (amps)
Pressure is measured in?
Volts (v)
The entire path traveled by an electrical current from its generating source through conductors and back to its source:
Circuit
Any material which will resist the passage of an electrical current:
Insulator
Any substance that readily transmits electrical current:
Conductor
Most common culprit for excess skin reaction:
Poor insertions
Causes of overtreatment:
Length of time current is applied, intensity of current,
depth of insertion,
needle diameter,
moisture gradient
Which parts of the body do you avoid treating in patients with Diabetes?
Toes, lower legs
Cells that make fibrous tissue (collagen fibers) of which most of the dermis is composed?
Fibroblasts
A form of glucose intolerance that is diagnosed in some pregnant women:
Gestational Diabetes
Means to be free of microorganisms that cause disease:
Aseptic
Which hepatitis has no vaccination?
Hepatitis C
Which hepatitis is transmitted by blood and can survive outside the body for 7 days?
Hepatitis B
Which hepatitis is transmitted by blood and can survive outside the body for 16 hours up to 4 days?
Hepatitis C
Which type of diabetes is the worst?
Type 1 Diabetes
Which type of diabetes is insulin-resistant (adult-onset)?
Type 2 Diabetes
Which type of diabetes is insulin-dependent and juvenile?
Type 1 Diabetes
Patients with a pacemaker or defibrillator need what to receive treatment?
Written permission from a doctor
Hepatitis C can be either…
acute or chronic
When the spores in the test strips are not destroyed, what happens?
Sterilization has failed
A substance that will retard the growth of bacteria:
Antiseptics
What is found in laser plume?
Carcinogens, mutagens, and irritants, DNA.
How do you control laser plume?
Ventilation, safe work practice, and personal protective equipment (PPE)
Who defines laser safety standards? (3)
ANSI, OSHA, and the FDA
What are two TYPES of hazards found when using lasers?
Beam and non-beam hazards
Laser beam hazards include:
Eye injury and skin burns
What is associated with the laser equipment or substances released from the laser equipment/fumes emitted from materials exposed to the laser beam?
Laser non-beam hazards
What is a thick-walled spore produced by a bacterium to allow it to survive unfavorable conditions (heat, alcohol, antibiotics, disinfectants, or anti-septics)?
Endospore
What changes DNA causing cell mutation?
Ionizing radiation
What is a drug that causes photosensitivity?
Tetracycline
Between UVA and UVB rays, which penetrates the deepest?
UVA
What layer of the skin can UVB rays reach?
Just the epidermis
What layer of the skin can UVA rays reach?
Subcutaneous (fat) layer
The person in the clinic who is in charge of laser safety and carries out the tasks described in ANSI Z136.3 Section 1.3?
Laser Safety Officer (LSO)
What does time x intensity refer to?
Units of Lye (UL)
How do you find the UL (units of lye)?
time x intensity
Units of Lye (UL) for shallow vellus hairs?
15UL
Units of Lye (UL) for medium vellus hairs?
45UL
Units of Lye (UL) for deep terminal hairs?
60UL
Units of Lye (UL) for very deep terminal hairs?
80UL
What is considered a minor surgery performed with an electrode; refers to dehydration of tissue by use of high-frequency?
Electrodessication
What are instruments that come in direct contact with the bloodstream or normally sterile areas of the body, and must be pre-sterilized?
Critical items
What are instruments that may come in contact with mucous membranes and non-intact skin?
Semi-critical items
What are instruments that only come in contact with intact skin?
Non-critical items
What are efferent nerves also called?
Motor neurons
What is an appendage to the hair follicle that is attached midway between the bulb in the sebaceous gland (gives goosebumps)?
Arrector pili
What is also known as baby fetal hair that falls off a few weeks after birth?
Lanugo
What are the first cells in the epidermis that fight infection or invading microorganisms?
Langerhan cells (immunity)
Which layer of the hair has cells that contain melanin?
Cortex
Name the layers of hair from the inside out:
Medulla, cortex, cuticle
Name the layers of hair from outside in:
Cuticle, cortex, medulla
On which part of the body do you find the most red dots after electrolysis?
Legs
What is the only permanent hair removal procedure?
Electrolysis (galvanic)
What type of contagious outbreaks should not be treated with electrolysis during an outbreak?
Herpes simplex type 1 and 2, and warts (HPV)
What is another name for wart?
Verruca
Which form of herpes generally causes sores or fever blisters from the waist up, specifically around the mouth (should not be treated during an outbreak)?
Herpes Type 1 (HSV-1)
Which form of herpes generally causes infection from the waist down and is typically sexually transmitted?
Herpes Type 2 (HSV-2)
What is the time recommended to wait before electrolysis treatment after dermabrasion?
3 months
What diseases are treated with tetracycline antibiotics?
Acne, Lyme disease, Rosacea
In a diabetic client, which area of the body is the worst for electrolysis because of slow healing?
Sun, stress, tweezing, and aspirin
Which of the following is not part of the pilosebaceous unit?
Sudoriferous gland
For women, terminal hair on the face alone suggests:
An excess of androgen
Tattoo sublayers of the dermis are:
Papillary and reticular
At which of the following times is handwashing indicated?
Before and after treatment
The hair and follicle are part of the:
Epidermis and pilosebaceous unit
Personal service workers (PSWs) are defined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as persons whose occupations involve:
Close personal contact with patients/clients
The flow of electrons along a wire cannot occur unless there is:
Electrical pressure (voltage)
Male and female sexual hair patterns differ primarily because of differences in:
The concentration of circulating free androgens
Causes of hirsutism include which of the following (3)?
1 pituitary hypersecretion
2 adrenal tumors
3 ovarian tumors
According to the atomic theory of electron movement, electrons move from
Negative to positive
The galvanic modality affects permanent hair removal by:
Chemical decomposition
Causes of blanching include which of the following:
Overtreatment of the skin and shallow insertions
Which form of hepatitis is spread through blood or body fluids, such as sexual contact or sharing needles?
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
How often do you need to empty your liquid soap container?
Once a month
How does fungus reproduce, and through what structure?
Spore formation
How does a virus multiply?
Enter living cell, then replicate
According to Section-3 under the Standards for Environmental Control and Housekeeping, each treatment room must be:
Kept clean, well-lit, and well-ventilated
What condition is categorized by blood glucose level dropping too low?
Hypoglycemia
What condition is characterized by frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, vision changes, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, dry skin, slow healing and fatigue?
Diabetes
What condition is categorized by blood glucose level rising too high?
Hyperglycemia
What is a skin condition that is categorized by dark raised areas that develop in the skin folds in areas like the neck and armpits, and growing more common in Diabetes?
Acanthosis nigricans
What is the remnant of a small anagen hair that was left unepilated in a treated follicle called?
Tombstone
What type of hair is associated with or emanates from round follicles?
Straight
What are special cells that engulf damaged tissues and recycle chemicals to make new healthy tissue?
Macrophages
What type of hair is associated with or emanates from oval follicles?
Wavy
What are living cells that make up most of the life cells of the epidermis in the spinosum layer?
Prickle cells
What type of hair is associated with or emanates from flat follicles?
Very curly
What is described as capillaries leaking plasma into an injured area?
Swelling, edema
What is seen as a black or blue mark under the skin after inserting into a follicle and commonly seen in eyebrows?
Ecchymosis, bruise
What is another name for redness?
Erythema
Where electrolysis should be avoided during the last trimester (3mo) of pregnancy?
Breasts and abdomen
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to formation of excessive amounts of collagen formation in the corium during connective tissue repair (common in people of color)?
Keloid
What type of hair typically responds very well to the blend method (much better than galvanic and thermolysis)?
Curly
What can be an excellent tool for helping the skin get back to normal after an electrolysis treatment by neutralizing the sodium hydroxide produced in the follicle?
Cataphoresis
What is the effect of the negative pole on the skin?
Irritates the nerves in the skin, promotes redness, and softens tissue
What are other names for thermolysis?
Alternating current, high frequency, short wave, and radio frequency
What is the unit of power?
Watt
What is the name for a localized maximum heat only at the point of the needle tip that only takes place in thermolysis?
Point effect
What type of needle is used to work authentic electrolysis?
Bulbous, round, cylindrical
What type of needle is used for thermolysis, best for point effect?
Tapered, insulated
What is a chair type item, which allows clients to set up or recline during treatment?
Back jack chair
True or False? Electrologists provide accurate, current and relevant information that enables the client to make decisions regarding treatment.
True
True or False? Records and other personal information are considered privileged and confidential.
True
According to Section IV under the Standards on Professional Ethics, what is required of all electrologists?
Participation in appropriate continuing education activities (20hrs/every 2 years)
Which of the following contains a side effect that is not a result of Diabetes?
Osteoporosis
If a client presents with the following symptoms, what may they be suffering from? (Irregular or infrequent period, new facial or body hair, severe acne, thinning of hair on head, and obesity.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome or Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
What is used as an androgen suppressive, but cannot kill or thin hair that is already present?
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
What is a natural magnet?
Lodestone
Once a vellus hair is changed to terminal hair, how long will it be until it turns back?
Never
