IBEC Study Flashcards
1
Q
What does Laser stand for?
A
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
2
Q
What is the distance measured in nanometers between two peaks or two troughs known as?
A
Wavelength
3
Q
Light of only one color and one specific wavelength is known as?
A
Monochromatic
4
Q
Refraction is also known as what?
A
Transmission
5
Q
The process where by a newly created photon of light (generated through amplification) acquires energy equal to photons that created it is known as?
A
Stimulated Emission
6
Q
The state of equilibrium or middle state of light:
A
Metastable State
7
Q
Who theorized stimulated emission?
A
Albert Einstein
8
Q
The part of the laser that contains the active medium is called what?
A
Resinator cavity
9
Q
What are the states of light in stimulated emission? (GEMS)
A
Ground State
Excited State
Metastable State
Singlet State
10
Q
Alexandrite laser is in the visible light spectrum at what wavelength?
A
755 nm
11
Q
The Nd:YAG laser falls in the invisible light spectrum at what wavelength?
A
1064 nm
12
Q
What type of wave is used in laser hair removal?
A
Pulsed
13
Q
A chromophore is also known as what?
A
Target
14
Q
The chromophore absorbs what?
A
Energy
15
Q
Goggles worn by the patient and practitioner must be approved by which group?
A
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for Class 3B and 4 Lasers
16
Q
Each laser wavelength is what to its machine?
A
Specific
17
Q
What are the parameters when doing laser hair removal? (4)
A
Wavelength
Fluence
Spot Size
Pulse Width
18
Q
Pulsed lasers allow for selective heating of specific targets, this is also known as?
A
Selective Photothermolysis
19
Q
The rate/amount of energy delivered within a given area is known as?
A
Fluence
20
Q
An increase in fluence equals an increase in what?
A
Heat, resulting in more damage
21
Q
The length of time the light/energy is in contact with the target that is measured in milliseconds (ms) is:
A
Pulse width/Pulse duration
22
Q
Which Hepatitis is transmitted through fecal-oral transmission and can survive for months?
A
Hepatitis A
23
Q
Which disease is inflammation of the liver (viral infection)
A
Hepatitis (most common: A, B, C)
24
Q
How often should you verify the proper use and function of sterilization equipment?
A
At least monthly
25
A stain, spot, or thickening;
A discolored spot on the skin that is not elevated above the surface is known as:
macule
26
A small mass or body; a blood cell:
Corpuscle
27
A simple parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll, true roots, stems, and leaves and is reproduced by spores; they feed on living or dead organic material.
Fungus
28
What is a unit of protoplasm consisting of a nucleus, surrounded by cytoplasm, and enclosed in a cell membrane?
Cell
29
What includes the brain and the spinal cord, enclosed by the skull and vertebral canal?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
30
An injury to the surface of the skin caused by scratching or abrasion?
Excoriation
31
A corrosive chemical or agent that is capable of burning or destroying living tissue is called what?
Caustic agent
32
In electricity, the number of cycles per second of alternating current refers to:
Frequency (Hz)
33
A congenital anomaly characterized by excessive bleeding due to deficiency of the coagulation factor:
Hemophilia
34
An inflammatory skin disease, characterized by the formation of small vesicles in clusters; highly contagious:
Herpes
35
A benign tumor usually composed of mature fat cells is called?
Lipoma
36
A scab or dry crust resulting from a thermal or chemical burn or infection:
Eschar
37
A vast, complex network of capillaries, thin vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs that help protect and maintain fluid environment of the entire body:
Lymphatic system
38
The process of eliminating, shedding, or getting rid of substances/waste matter that is produced by some cells from the body:
Excretion
39
Also known as Shingles; an acute, unilateral, self-limited inflammatory disease of the nerve endings, caused by chicken pox and characterized by groups of small vesicles in the cutaneous areas of the affected nerves, and is associated with neurological pain:
Herpes Zoster
40
A blister containing fluid:
Bulla
41
A collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ, usually resulting from trauma:
Hematoma
42
A tan or brown macule on the skin brought on by the decomposition of melanocytes in the skin in response to sun exposure; freckle is also known as:
lentigo
43
Painful menstruation is also known as?
Dysmenorrhea
44
What is a superficial inflammatory process involving primarily the epidermis, papillose and vesicles that weep, ooze or crust and often cause pigment changes?
Eczema
45
A hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to particular allergens, re-exposure to particular allergens, or re-exposure bringing to light an altered capacity to react is known as what:
Allergy
46
What is the absence of, or abnormal stoppage of the menses known as?
Amenorrhea
47
What are red blood cells or corpuscles also known as (function is to transport oxygen)?
Erythrocyte
48
What term is pertaining to electrolysis or to an electrolyte?
Electrolytic
49
Excessive formation of cells:
Hyperplasia
50
The cellular covering of the internal and external organs of the body, including the lining of vessels- it consists of cells bound together by connective material and varies in the number of layers and kind of cells within it.
Epithelium
51
Any visible, local abnormality to the tissues of the body as a wound, sore, rash or boil:
Lesion
52
An electrolysis needle that is coated with insulating material except for the tip:
Insulated needle/probe
53
Dry, scaly skin characterized by the deficiency of sebum is known as?
Asteatosis
54
Also known as the cutis, true skin, or dermis; the layer under the epidermis, consisting of dense vascular connective tissue, and containing the nerves and terminal organs:
Corium
55
What relates to the raising of the body tissue temperature using high frequency current, short wave, microwave, or ultrasonic wave?
Diathermy
56
An infection caused by Type-2 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV2), usually transmitted by sexual contact, and causes painful vesicular eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitalia of males and females:
Genital Herpes
57
Not recurrent or progressive, non-malignant:
Benign
58
Brown patches of irregular shape and size on the skin, commonly called melasma, and is associated with pregnancy, menopause, and oral contraceptives:
Chloasma
59
Thin layer of tissue that covers surfaces, lines a cavity, or divides a space:
Membrane
60
A scar:
Cicatrix
61
Any radio frequency between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz); thermolysis modality of permanent hair removal; excites water molecules in the base of the follicle causing generation of heat and thus desiccating the tissue:
High-frequency current
62
Blood loss used to describe episodes of bleeding that last more than a few minutes, compromise organ or tissue perfusion, or threaten life:
Hemorrhage
63
The thickest of the three layers of the inner root sheath of a hair follicle, lying between Henle's layer and the inner sheath cuticle:
Huxley's Layer
64
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues:
Infection
65
Either pole or terminal of an electric cell; in electrolysis, the needle is negative and the rod is positive:
Electrode
66
The innermost part of the hair shaft and is composed of round cells:
Medulla
67
Hair dimension category that is midway between vellus and terminal, when measured in terms of coarseness and texture:
Intermediate Hair
68
A hair follicle that may have been damaged from a previous event or naturally bent out of a normal shape:
Distorted follicle
69
A new growth or malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and may infiltrate local tissues or produce metastates:
Carcinoma
70
An acute viral disease marked by groups of vesicles on the skin, often on the borders of the lips or the genitals:
Herpes Simplex Virus
71
Sizes for probes?
440..002 - .006
72
An insoluble protein that is essential to the clotting of blood:
Fibrin
73
The transfer of disease from an original to one or more parts of the body by way of the blood vessels, lymphatic or membranous surfaces; tuberculosis or cancer for example.
Metastasis (cancer metastasizing)
74
Which probe is great for coarse hair with deep, straight follicles?
One-piece probes
75
To cause to clot; to change from liquid to solid:
Coagulate
76
The current flow continuously reverses its direction; electrons move back and forth along a conductor:
Alternating current (AC)
77
Use of positive pole to produce an acid effect on the skin; closes follicles, decreases redness, and reestablishes proper skin pH.
Cataphoresis
78
A non-living hair that is detached from the lower portion of the hair follicles starts to form in the catagen:
Club hair
79
Use of negative pole to produce an alkaline effect on the skin; increases blood supply, softens skin, stimulates nerves, and forces liquids into the skin.
Anaphoresis
80
Constant, even-flowing traveling in one direction:
Direct current (DC)
81
One thousandth of an ampere is:
Milliampere (mA)
82
Resistance is measured in?
Ohms
83
Strength is measured in?
Amperes (amps)
84
Pressure is measured in?
Volts (v)
85
The entire path traveled by an electrical current from its generating source through conductors and back to its source:
Circuit
86
Any material which will resist the passage of an electrical current:
Insulator
87
Any substance that readily transmits electrical current:
Conductor
88
Most common culprit for excess skin reaction:
Poor insertions
89
Causes of overtreatment:
Length of time current is applied, intensity of current,
depth of insertion,
needle diameter,
moisture gradient
90
Which parts of the body do you avoid treating in patients with Diabetes?
Toes, lower legs
91
Cells that make fibrous tissue (collagen fibers) of which most of the dermis is composed?
Fibroblasts
92
A form of glucose intolerance that is diagnosed in some pregnant women:
Gestational Diabetes
93
Means to be free of microorganisms that cause disease:
Aseptic
94
Which hepatitis has no vaccination?
Hepatitis C
95
Which hepatitis is transmitted by blood and can survive outside the body for 7 days?
Hepatitis B
96
Which hepatitis is transmitted by blood and can survive outside the body for 16 hours up to 4 days?
Hepatitis C
97
Which type of diabetes is the worst?
Type 1 Diabetes
98
Which type of diabetes is insulin-resistant (adult-onset)?
Type 2 Diabetes
99
Which type of diabetes is insulin-dependent and juvenile?
Type 1 Diabetes
100
Patients with a pacemaker or defibrillator need what to receive treatment?
Written permission from a doctor
101
Hepatitis C can be either...
acute or chronic
102
When the spores in the test strips are not destroyed, what happens?
Sterilization has failed
103
A substance that will retard the growth of bacteria:
Antiseptics
104
What is found in laser plume?
Carcinogens, mutagens, and irritants, DNA.
105
How do you control laser plume?
Ventilation, safe work practice, and personal protective equipment (PPE)
106
Who defines laser safety standards? (3)
ANSI, OSHA, and the FDA
107
What are two TYPES of hazards found when using lasers?
Beam and non-beam hazards
108
Laser beam hazards include:
Eye injury and skin burns
109
What is associated with the laser equipment or substances released from the laser equipment/fumes emitted from materials exposed to the laser beam?
Laser non-beam hazards
110
What is a thick-walled spore produced by a bacterium to allow it to survive unfavorable conditions (heat, alcohol, antibiotics, disinfectants, or anti-septics)?
Endospore
111
What changes DNA causing cell mutation?
Ionizing radiation
112
What is a drug that causes photosensitivity?
Tetracycline
113
Between UVA and UVB rays, which penetrates the deepest?
UVA
114
What layer of the skin can UVB rays reach?
Just the epidermis
115
What layer of the skin can UVA rays reach?
Subcutaneous (fat) layer
116
The person in the clinic who is in charge of laser safety and carries out the tasks described in ANSI Z136.3 Section 1.3?
Laser Safety Officer (LSO)
117
What does time x intensity refer to?
Units of Lye (UL)
118
How do you find the UL (units of lye)?
time x intensity
119
Units of Lye (UL) for shallow vellus hairs?
15UL
120
Units of Lye (UL) for medium vellus hairs?
45UL
121
Units of Lye (UL) for deep terminal hairs?
60UL
122
Units of Lye (UL) for very deep terminal hairs?
80UL
123
What is considered a minor surgery performed with an electrode; refers to dehydration of tissue by use of high-frequency?
Electrodessication
124
What are instruments that come in direct contact with the bloodstream or normally sterile areas of the body, and *must be pre-sterilized*?
Critical items
125
What are instruments that may come in contact with mucous membranes and non-intact skin?
Semi-critical items
126
What are instruments that only come in contact with intact skin?
Non-critical items
127
What are efferent nerves also called?
Motor neurons
128
What is an appendage to the hair follicle that is attached midway between the bulb in the sebaceous gland (gives goosebumps)?
Arrector pili
129
What is also known as baby fetal hair that falls off a few weeks after birth?
Lanugo
130
What are the first cells in the epidermis that fight infection or invading microorganisms?
Langerhan cells (immunity)
131
Which layer of the hair has cells that contain melanin?
Cortex
132
Name the layers of hair from the inside out:
Medulla, cortex, cuticle
133
Name the layers of hair from outside in:
Cuticle, cortex, medulla
134
On which part of the body do you find the most red dots after electrolysis?
Legs
135
What is the only permanent hair removal procedure?
Electrolysis (galvanic)
136
What type of contagious outbreaks should not be treated with electrolysis during an outbreak?
Herpes simplex type 1 and 2, and warts (HPV)
137
What is another name for wart?
Verruca
138
Which form of herpes generally causes sores or fever blisters from the waist up, specifically around the mouth (should not be treated during an outbreak)?
Herpes Type 1 (HSV-1)
139
Which form of herpes generally causes infection from the waist down and is typically sexually transmitted?
Herpes Type 2 (HSV-2)
140
What is the time recommended to wait before electrolysis treatment after dermabrasion?
3 months
141
What diseases are treated with tetracycline antibiotics?
Acne, Lyme disease, Rosacea
142
In a diabetic client, which area of the body is the worst for electrolysis because of slow healing?
Sun, stress, tweezing, and aspirin
143
Which of the following is not part of the pilosebaceous unit?
Sudoriferous gland
144
For women, terminal hair on the face alone suggests:
An excess of androgen
145
Tattoo sublayers of the dermis are:
Papillary and reticular
146
At which of the following times is handwashing indicated?
Before and after treatment
147
The hair and follicle are part of the:
Epidermis and pilosebaceous unit
148
Personal service workers (PSWs) are defined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as persons whose occupations involve:
Close personal contact with patients/clients
149
The flow of electrons along a wire cannot occur unless there is:
Electrical pressure (voltage)
150
Male and female sexual hair patterns differ primarily because of differences in:
The concentration of circulating free androgens
151
Causes of hirsutism include which of the following (3)?
1 pituitary hypersecretion
2 adrenal tumors
3 ovarian tumors
152
According to the atomic theory of electron movement, electrons move from
Negative to positive
153
The galvanic modality affects permanent hair removal by:
Chemical decomposition
154
Causes of blanching include which of the following:
Overtreatment of the skin and shallow insertions
155
Which form of hepatitis is spread through blood or body fluids, such as sexual contact or sharing needles?
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
156
How often do you need to empty your liquid soap container?
Once a month
157
How does fungus reproduce, and through what structure?
Spore formation
158
How does a virus multiply?
Enter living cell, then replicate
159
According to Section-3 under the Standards for Environmental Control and Housekeeping, each treatment room must be:
Kept clean, well-lit, and well-ventilated
160
What condition is categorized by blood glucose level dropping too low?
Hypoglycemia
161
What condition is characterized by frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, vision changes, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, dry skin, slow healing and fatigue?
Diabetes
162
What condition is categorized by blood glucose level rising too high?
Hyperglycemia
163
What is a skin condition that is categorized by dark raised areas that develop in the skin folds in areas like the neck and armpits, and growing more common in Diabetes?
Acanthosis nigricans
164
What is the remnant of a small anagen hair that was left unepilated in a treated follicle called?
Tombstone
165
What type of hair is associated with or emanates from round follicles?
Straight
166
What are special cells that engulf damaged tissues and recycle chemicals to make new healthy tissue?
Macrophages
167
What type of hair is associated with or emanates from oval follicles?
Wavy
168
What are living cells that make up most of the life cells of the epidermis in the spinosum layer?
Prickle cells
169
What type of hair is associated with or emanates from flat follicles?
Very curly
170
What is described as capillaries leaking plasma into an injured area?
Swelling, edema
171
What is seen as a black or blue mark under the skin after inserting into a follicle and commonly seen in eyebrows?
Ecchymosis, bruise
172
What is another name for redness?
Erythema
173
Where electrolysis should be avoided during the last trimester (3mo) of pregnancy?
Breasts and abdomen
174
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar due to formation of excessive amounts of collagen formation in the corium during connective tissue repair (common in people of color)?
Keloid
175
What type of hair typically responds very well to the blend method (much better than galvanic and thermolysis)?
Curly
176
What can be an excellent tool for helping the skin get back to normal after an electrolysis treatment by neutralizing the sodium hydroxide produced in the follicle?
Cataphoresis
177
What is the effect of the negative pole on the skin?
Irritates the nerves in the skin, promotes redness, and softens tissue
178
What are other names for thermolysis?
Alternating current, high frequency, short wave, and radio frequency
179
What is the unit of power?
Watt
180
What is the name for a localized maximum heat only at the point of the needle tip that only takes place in thermolysis?
Point effect
181
What type of needle is used to work authentic electrolysis?
Bulbous, round, cylindrical
182
What type of needle is used for thermolysis, best for point effect?
Tapered, insulated
183
What is a chair type item, which allows clients to set up or recline during treatment?
Back jack chair
184
True or False? Electrologists provide accurate, current and relevant information that enables the client to make decisions regarding treatment.
True
185
True or False? Records and other personal information are considered privileged and confidential.
True
186
According to Section IV under the Standards on Professional Ethics, what is required of all electrologists?
Participation in appropriate continuing education activities (20hrs/every 2 years)
187
Which of the following contains a side effect that is not a result of Diabetes?
Osteoporosis
188
If a client presents with the following symptoms, what may they be suffering from? (Irregular or infrequent period, new facial or body hair, severe acne, thinning of hair on head, and obesity.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome or Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
189
What is used as an androgen suppressive, but cannot kill or thin hair that is already present?
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
190
What is a natural magnet?
Lodestone
191
Once a vellus hair is changed to terminal hair, how long will it be until it turns back?
Never
192
In case the client presents with a herpes outbreak, what can you suggest may have triggered the outbreak?
Stress
193
True or False? If a client presents with a cold sore on the mouth, the electrologist can perform electrolysis on the area of outbreak only if wearing gloves.
False
194
If a client informs that they are allergic to latex, what should you do?
Use vinyl or nitrile gloves
195
What is the formation of a slight depression on the epidermis that results when the electrolysis needle insertion is incorrect, the pressure on the needle is excessive, or maybe when the needle is too long?
Dimpling
196
What are the purpose of the standards that have been developed for electrologists and their instructors?
To consider all clients potentially infectious-
Always adhere to infection control precautions for minimizing the risk of exposure to blood or body fluids for all clients to reduce the risk of transmission.
197
What type of indicator needs to be placed in the sterilization device every month?
Biological indicator
198
What is the insulated plastic covered cord used to complete the circuit between the epilator in the indifferent electrode considered critical or non-critical?
Non-critical
199
All needs in electrolysis should be what?
Single-use, pre-sterilized, and disposable
200
True or False? Residual moisture on hands after hand-washing has been found to play an important role in the transfer of bacteria and viruses, so a longer duration of hand drying will result in few bacteria transferring to other surfaces.
True
201
What are items, according to the infection control standards for the practice of Electrology, should not be used?
Glass bead sterilizer, carbon rollers, and household bleach
202
Non-critical equipment and environmental surfaces are cleaned and then treated with:
Intermediate-level disinfectant and low-level hospital-grade disinfectant
203
How full should the sharps container be when you dispose of it?
3/4 full
204
When practitioners and electrology students are immune to Hepatitis B virus, how long are shots effective?
15 years
205
True or False? For hand-washing, the warmer the water, the more effective.
False
206
What is not recommended for HCWs to use in client care areas due to risk of contamination?
Bar soap
207
When washing hands, what is the correct timeframe to vigorously rub hands together?
15-30 seconds
208
According to Standard II of basic practice for electrologists, what needs to be done before every treatment?
Clients skin health status needs to be assessed
209
When performing electrolysis, what should be the target area to kill the hair follicle?
Hair bulb
210
What is the most important thing to remember when purchasing forceps?
Able to withstand sterilization frequently
211
True or False? When treating a client's eyebrow it is important to sit at the end of the table overlooking the client's head or at the side of the client.
True
212
The technique of using a flat lancet to open the pustules or to pierce the skin to retrieve a hair is used for what type of hair?
Ingrown hair
213
The percentage of hair growth in anagen is dependent on:
Location of the body
214
What electrology instruments or objects are considered critical items?
Needles and forceps
215
What electrology instruments or objects are considered semi-critical items?
Tips for epilator needles (white cap)
216
Which of the following steps follow Section I, Standards for Hand Hygiene and Use of Gloves for Hand-washing Technique?
Wet hands with running water and apply liquid soap in the amount recommended by the manufacturer, vigorously rubbing hands together for 15-30 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hand, especially between the fingers and fingernail area. Wash hands thoroughly under a stream of water, drying hands thoroughly with a clean disposable paper towel, and dispose of the paper towel in the appropriate covered receptacle in treatment room.
217
What is the detergent that helps break down organic soils and suspends particles during cleaning- this detergent is used as a soaking solution for both critical and non-critical items and is used in ultrasonic devices?
Enzyme detergent
218
Which of the following steps is required for the disinfection of tips of epilator needle holders?
Enzyme soaks in ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes, rinse and bleach with 1/9 solution for 10 minutes, and rinse and air dry and place in container.
219
How long after the electrolysis instruments or objects have been sterilized can they be used after the package is open?
24 hours
220
True or False? Indifferent electrodes, cords for epilator, and eye shields are (1) cleaned, dried, and subjected to intermediate level disinfection before initial use and after treatment and (2) replaced when showing signs of wear and tear.
True
221
In regards to the HPV vaccine, what times table should the shots follow?
3 shots- 1 today, 1 after 30 days, 1 after 6 months.
222
What percentage of alcohol is used as a disinfectant?
70%
223
What disorder is characterized by an excess of cortisone, moon face, fat neck and trunk, humpback, diabetes, and hirsutism?
Cushing's syndrome
224
Which of the following has no contraindication for performing electrolysis?
Retin-A, alpha hydroxy acids (AHA), and tetracycline
225
Which type of hair is androgen dependent located on the face, ear, chest, and abdomen areas?
Sexual hair
226
What is characterized by a deficiency of hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? Some symptoms are muscle weakness, reduced blood sugar, nausea, loss of appetite. and weight loss.
Addison's disease
227
Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
228
Which of the following hormones is not delivered by the posterior pituitary gland?
GH (Growth Hormone)
FSH
TSH
ACTH
229
What is characterized by enlargement of the bones in the hands, feet, jaws, and cheeks which results in the combination of bone and soft tissue overgrowth?
*Adult-onset
Acromegaly
230
True or False? Electrologists should diagnose a clients condition or illness and dispense medication (including Aspirin).
False
231
True or False? When treating a client with a pacemaker or defibrillator, there should written permission from a physician before treatment.
True
232
True or False? A thin needle is hotter so it creates a larger and hotter heating pattern than a large diameter needle at the same current setting.
True
233
Which is the correct term for the method first used by Dr. Michel to remove hair in 1875?
Direct current (DC), electrolysis, galvanic electrolysis
234
The shortwave method of hair removal destroys the growth source by
Electrocoagulation
235
Most common form of skin cancer is:
Basal cell carcinoma
236
What defines dessication?
Removing moisture
237
During galvanic or blend treatment, the patient is holding what?
Anode
238
The negative pole that is used to perform electrolysis is also known as:
Cathode
239
How long to wait after Accutane to perform electrolysis?
One month
240
Which gland is directly related to abnormalities with hormone levels?
Pituitary (located behind the bridge of the nose)
241
Which body area is safest to treat on a diabetic client?
Face
242
How do you prevent high-frequency blowout?
Reduce intensity
243
Tinea (ringworm) is what type of infection?
Fungal
244
Erythema is the result of what?
Vasodilation
245
High frequency and galvanic current can be:
delivered simultaneously, delivered separately, and delivered after each other
246
In the case the client presents with an outbreak, what should you do?
Do not treat the area of outbreak and explain to the client that the condition is contagious.
247
Dimpling is the result of:
Improper insertion
248
What is the main role of the indifferent electrode (anode)?
Close the circuit
249
What does hair depth mean?
The distance from the surface of the epidermis to the bottom of the hair bulb
250
What happens when the needle is too long?
Ecchymosis (bruise) is produced
251
An arrector pili muscle is:
A muscle fiber attached to the follicle
252
The blend modality is the best choice in:
Wavy, curly, and kinky hair
253
The strength galvanic current used in electrolysis is measured in:
milliampere (mA)
254
The modality used for permanent hair removal to use the thermal effect of the current is known as:
Thermolysis or diathermy.
Short wave, high frequency, or alternating current.
Radio frequency, radio wave, Hertzian wave.
255
Which of the glands is directly responsible for hair production?
Gonads
256
An abnormal excess of vellus-type hair, which may be darker than usual is named what?
Hypertrichosis
257
If a client tells you in the consultation that he or she lives in permanent stress, you should warn him or her of what?
Outcome of treatment may not be successful, due to his or her body continuously producing hairs while being stress
258
Catagen stage of hair growth is also known as?
Transitional stage
259
Where do we not grow hair naturally?
Palms of hands, soles of feet
260
Which of the following statements about Prednisone is not true?
A side effect of Prednisone is hirsutism
261
Water molecules contain:
Two Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom
262
The blood that nourishes the hair is located in:
The hair papilla
263
In the Blend modality, how does High Frequency affect the Galvanic performance?
High Frequency heats the lye and coagulates the tissue, and then continues to spread through the porous tissue.
264
Melanin is:
a pigment to the skin and hair
265
What is the best topical application for a client that suffers from erythema?
Ice pack
266
The electrologist should not treat a client suffering from:
Impetigo
267
Telogen stage of hair growth is also known as:
Resting stage
268
Which of the following pathogenic microorganisms represent the greater risk for electrologists?
Hepatitis B (HBV)S
269
What does a step down transformer do?
Step down the voltage of alternating current therefore the flow of the current increases
270
High frequency is produced by:
Oscillator
270
According to the potential degree of contamination, each object or equipment is classified as
Critical items, semi-critical items, and non-critical items
271
Trichology is the study of:
hair
271
What is not an approved method of sterilization?
Disinfectant
272
What institution established infection control standards for the practice of electrolysis?
The American Electrology Association (AEA)
273
The main zones of the epidermis are:
Horny zone and germinal zone
274
If a client presents with a diagnosis that is not familiar to you, what is the best decision that you would make?
Not to treat the client until you investigate
275
If an electrologist only uses size 2 needles, what may happen?
The treatment will be less comfortable for the client, there will be a bigger risk of overtreatment, and both the electrologist and client will be at a disadvantage.
276
Bacteria and other microorganisms can enter the body through:
Broken skin
277
Wearing gloves does what?
Protects the client and electrologist from potential exposure to microbes
278
In a shallow insertion, where does the point effect occur?
Tip of the needle and in the upper part of the follicle near the surface of the skin
279
When you wash your hands, which of the following must be the first step?
Get your hands wet with running water
280
Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for:
All electrologists, healthcare worker, and infant/unvaccinated adolescents
281
The electrologist must have written consent from the client to:
Take before and after photos, display client before and after photos
282
Acanthosis nigricans is a hyperpigmentation of the skin (brown to black) usually found in body folds, such as the neck, the axillae, groin and is usually associated with what disorders?
Diabetes, obesity, and endocrinopathies
283
Mitotic cells begin growth in the hair's what?
Matrix
284
Health history assessment is a necessary document to have for every client in our practice and it is important that the electrologist sits with the client to complete it. What is most critical to this process?
Client signature
285
The electrologists must wash his or her hands with warm water, not hot water, because?
Hot water may increase the risk of dermatitis
286
Which germ is most harmful?
Pathogenic
287
What is not true about ingrown hair?
If the follicle is infected and the end of the hair is released, we must tweeze the hair.
288
What is asepsis?
The state of being free of pathogenic organisms
289
True or False? Parasites are microorganisms that need living matter for growth and saprophytes are microorganisms that live on that matter. Both are pathogenic organisms.
False
290
Which is the most common angle of hair growth?
45 degree angle
291
The diameter of the needle should be what:
The same diameter as the hair
*Should be no more than double the hair diameter
292
What is it called when infected pustules, bumps, and ingrown hairs form around the man's beard area is called barbae:
psuedofolliculitis
293
What is considered to be the first defense of the skin?
Healthy skin or unbroken skin
294
If a mother comes into your office and asks you to treat her 11-year old daughter who has a lot of hair on her upper lip, what do you do?
Do not treat- refer the child to the endocrinologist or pediatrician
295
Afferent neurons are also called?
Sensory nerves
296
Thyroid gland produces hormones called
Thyroxine (T4)
297
Study of the cause of a disease
Etiology
298
Technical term for birthmark
Naevus
299
Crack or split in the skin like chapped lips or hands
Fissure
300
Medical term for infected follicles
Folliculitis
301
Sebaceous cyst tumor
Steatoma
302
Prediction of the course of a disease
Prognosis
303
2+ hairs growing out of one follicle
Pili multigemini
304
Found in the Malpighian layer
Germinative cells
305
Involuntary body functions are regulated by the:
autonomic nervous system
306
An active gas found in formalin:
Formaldehyde
307
Also known as freckles:
Lentigines
308
Skin cycle is also known as:
Turn over
309
What is keratin?
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
310
What layer are cells continually being shed and replaced?
Stratum corneum (horny layer)
311
What layer of the epidermis is characterized by clear sections of thick skin, usually found on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands?
Stratum lucidum
312
Small granules can be found in what layer? Also known as the Granular layer.
Stratum granulosum
313
What layer of the skin includes Langerhan cells which provides immune protection, and is the first line of defense of against infection?
Stratum Spinosum (Prickel cells)
314
What layer of the skin is responsible for the growth of the epidermis, and contains melanin?
Stratum Germinativum
315
What detect light touch in the skin?
Merkel cells
316
What detect regular touch in the skin?
Meissner corpuscles
317
Krause end bulbs are ____
cold
318
What detect pressure (deep) in the skin?
Pacinian corpuscles
319
What detect heat in the skin?
Ruffini corpuscles
320
What detect pain in the skin?
Free nerve endings
321
Collagen is located in the
Dermis
322
Substance found in the Stratum Lucidum
Eleidin
323
Cell division that produces 2 daughter cells is called what?
Mitosis
324
Cell division in which the chromosomes are reduced by half is called what?
Meiosis
325
What are the functions of the skin (SHAPE)
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
326
Melanin is produced by an amino acid called what?
Tyrosine, which is synthesized by the melanosomes or melanocytes to produce the pigment?
327
Born this way (from your DNA) =
Congenital (hereditary, inherited, familial)
328
Accutane's generic name is:
Isotretinoin
329
How long should you wait before performing dermabrasion after electrolysis or laser?
At least 3 months
330
How long should you stop using Accutane before laser, waxing, etc.?
6 months to 1 year
331
You should not treat a pregnant patient in what trimester?
3rd trimester
332
Micro-hemorrhage
Petechia
333
Caused by persistent dilation of the blood vessels that have not returned to normal after treatment (found mostly in legs)
Persistent red spots
334
If the time of pulse duration is changed from milliseconds to nanoseconds, the laser is what?
Q-switched
335
What is a Q-switched laser used for?
Tattoo removal
336
Which skin types can tolerate a Nd:YAG laser?
All skin types
337
Which skin types can tolerate an Alex laser?
1-4
338
Which skin type should only have electrolysis and no laser?
Type 1
339
If the pulse width is greater than the thermal relaxation time, it results in?
A burn
340
If the pulse width is less than or equal to the thermal relaxation time, it results in?
Perfect hair removal
341
Larger structures have ______ thermal relaxation times (TRT)
Longer
342
Smaller structures _____ thermal relaxation times (TRT)
Shorter
343
What kind of pulse widths protect the epidermis, penetrate deeper, and cool more slowly?
Long
344
Longer pulse widths are for what skin type?
4-6
345
What kind of pulse widths are more aggressive and heat up and cool down quickly?
Short
346
Shorter pulse widths are for what skin type?
1-3
347
What percentage of follicles are damaged with each laser treatment?
15%
348
What is a long-term stable reduction of the growing hairs after a treatment regime?
Laser hair removal (LHR)
349
What does the FDA call laser hair removal?
Permanent hair reduction
350
What is the highest setting the skin can tolerate without damage called?
Fluence threshold
351
What is the highest setting the patient can tolerate without the treatment becoming impossible called?
Patient threshold
352
The amount of hair per one square centimeter is known as?
Hair density
353
The higher the hair density, the ______ the fluence?
lower
354
What percentage of overlapping do you want when doing LHR?
30%
355
Darker/tanned skin requires what kind of fluence?
Lower
356
What should you never use to clean a patient's skin before LHR?
Alcohol (baby wipes only)
357
Pulse duration is measured in what unit?
milliseconds (ms)
358
Spot size is measured in what unit?
millimeters (mm)
359
Repetition rate is measured in what unit?
hertz (Hz)
360
Who is the grandfather of laser?
Rox Anderson
361
Formula for fluence?
Joules = J/cm2 (squared)
362
What kind of lasers allow for selective heating of specific targets?
Selective photothermolysis
363
For deeper laser penetration, what should the practitioner do to the laser?
Change to a bigger spot size
364
The primary reason for using cooling devices during laser hair removal is?
Allows for higher and more effective fluences to be used while sparing the epidermis
365
During the initial consultation, the patient should be informed that the process will take how long for laser hair removal?
A series of treatments
366
The principle that says energy must be absorbed by an object to produce an effect is called?
Grothus-Draper Law
367
What is laser light?
Monochromatic light
368
Laser is equivalent to which of the following modalities?
Thermolysis
369
An element has the ability to produce laser when it is in which state?
Metastable state
370
What are the positive reactions to the skin indicating a successful LHR treatment?
Perifollicular erythema, perifollicular edema (normal redness and swelling)
371
A requirement for foot switches that directly pulse the laser is that they be what?
Hooded
372
The effect of skin turning red after treatment is referred to as?
Erythema
373
An overtreatment of the skin characterized by blistering or epidermal separation, caused by lateral pressure on the skin is known as?
Nikolksy sign
374
When tissue has been injured, fluid escapes the blood vessels to surround the damaged tissue. This is referred to as?
Edema
375
The common type of laser used for hair removal is?
Pulsed
376
Total destruction of tissue using laser energy is known as?
Photoablation
377
Laser is ineffective on hair that has?
Little to no pigment
378
The energy level of a laser, measured in Joules is known as?
Energy fluence
379
Lightwaves that travel in perfect unison, parallel, and in the same direction are known as?
Coherent light
380
Which part of the body is most vulnerable to laser light?
Eyes
381
What is used to cool the inside of most pulsed lasers during operation?
Distilled water
382
What is the chromophore when using the Nd:YAG laser for hair removal?
Melanin in the hair shaft and bulb
383
What is the FDA class that presents both a direct and reflected hazard?
Class IV (4)
384
What is considered a natural chromophore for hair removal lasers?
melanin in the hair shaft and bulb
385
Hair removal lasers are effective on which types of hair follicles?
Curved Distorted Straight (all of the above)
386
What is most likely the cause of red, itchy bumps in the treatment area 10-14 days after a patient's laser hair removal treatment?
Detached hair becoming trapped under the skin
387
Laser hair removal is least effective on follicles in what stage of development?
Telogen (resting)
388
The voluntary nationally recognized group establishing standards for equipment use is known as?
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
389
Types of epidermal cooling include?
Gel (topical) contact
Cryogen spray
390
Best topical aftercare for laser hair removal?
Ice pack
391
LHR on patients with a Fitzpatrick of V (5) and VI (6) requires what?
Longer wavelengths
392
Who is considered to be the father of lasers in medicine?
Leon Goldman
393
Components of the laser include:
High-intensity non-coherent light source,
Lasing medium,
Fiber optics,
Lenses
394
What are the properties of light when it reacts with tissue?
Scatter
Transmission
Absorption
Reflection
395
What is the waiting period before laser treatment after patient stops taking Accutane?
180 days (6 months)
396
Longer laser wavelengths, penetrate the tissue what?
Deeper
397
An increase in color in cells post-treatment is referred to as?
Hyperpigmentation
398
The duration of the pulse from a laser is known as?
Pulse width
399
What is most critical for protecting the skin during laser hair removal?
Cooling the skin
400
Permanent hair reduction (LHR) according to the FDA is defined as what?
A long-term stable reduction in the number of hair regrowth after a treatment regime
401
What is the correct definition of chromophore as it relates to laser treatment?
The object that absorbs the light energy
402
What can occur with excess heating of the skin?
Hypopigmentation, Hyperpigmentation, Hypertrophies
403
A basic Fitzpatrick scale takes into account what?
Skin color, natural hair color, sensitivity to sunlight
404
For best results during laser hair removal treatments, follicles should be in what stage?
Late anagen (growing)
405
What is the primary reason that multiple treatments are necessary for laser hair removal?
Not all follicles are in the optimum growth stage
406
Aside from scalp follicles, what is the typical length of the anagen stage in most other body areas?
4-8 weeks
407
What is the correct range for visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum?
390-700 nanometers
408
The Ruby laser produces light at which wavelength?
694.3 nm
409
What are the nanometers for the Alex laser?
755 nm
410
The time is takes the target structure to lose a percentage of the heat absorbed is known as?
Thermal Relaxation Time (TRT)
411
What type of non-laser light is also used for hair removal?
Intense pulsed light (IPL) polychromatic
412
The measure of time that light energy is in contact with the skin is known as?
Pulse duration
413
The measure that determines the target chromophore or pigment is the?
Wavelength
414
The darker the skin, the what?
The longer the wavelength
415
Laser bruise is also known as?
Purpura
416
Retinal hazard is possible at what wavelengths?
400-1400nm
417
The longer the pulse widths are considered more effective because?
They penetrate deeper into the tissue
418
The negative pole produces
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH/lye)
419
What disease is characterized by irregular menstrual cycle or no menstrual cycle at all?
PCOS
420
Hirsutism with no identifiable cause is:
Idiopathic hirsutism
421
The shape of the heated area surrounding the high-frequency needle is the shape of what?
Teardrop or pear
422
The blend is achieved by using:
High frequency and galvanic current
423
Using the blend modality, the application of thermolysis causes the lye to be:
more caustic (destructive)
424
What is excess hair that is not abnormal for a person's age/sex, but is not desired or socially acceptable?
Superfluous hair
425
What hormone produced by the thyroid gland helps keep the body function (metabolism) working at the correct pace?
Thyroxine (T4)
426
What hormone can't we live without?
T3
427
What type of hairs are deep, course, and usually pigmented?
Terminal
428
What type of hair is fine, short, and often called "peach fuzz"?
Vellus
429
What is the method of grading/evaluating hirsutism in women?
Ferriman Gallway score
430
If a vellus hair is stimulated to grow deeper and coarser, it is said to be:
Accelerated vellus hair
431
In which of the following layers of the skin are mast cells found?
Dermis
432
Which of the following hormones will cause hirsutism?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
433
What hormone makes eggs?
LH (luteinizing hormone)
434
When treating a client with diabetes, what is the greatest concern?
Slower healing time
435
What gland is most associated with hair growth?
Ovaries and gonads
436
In which layer of the skin is eleidin found?
Epidermis: Stratum Lucidum
437
What is also known as "true skin" or "cutis"?
Dermis
438
What layer is composed of fine and loosely arranged collagen fibers?
Papillary layer
439
Which layer of skin is composed of dense bundles of collagen and elastin fibers?
Reticular layer
440
What layer is at the base of the dermis and is composed of fatty adipose tissue?
Subcutaneous and subcutis
441
What serves as an anchor and holds the hair in the follicle?
Inner root sheath
442
What type of gland is located in the genital and axillae areas and usually is the "smelly" ones?
Apocrine glands
443
In what area of the body do apocrine glands tend to be the largest?
Under the arms
444
In which gland does vellus hair originate?
Lobe of the sebaceous gland
445
What is produced by the sebaceous gland that helps lubricate and protect the skin?
Sebum (lipids)
446
What is an appendage of the
447
What is a round thickened patch of epidermis caused by friction?
Keratoma, callous
448
Short, rod-shaped; most common of all bacteria, produces diseases such as tetanus, influenza and tuberculosis.
Bacilli
449
What bacteria is curved or corkscrewed in shape and highly mobile?
Spirilla
450
What fungus/bacteria lives on dead matter and does not produce diseases?
Saprophytes
451
What is excessive growth?
Hypertrophy
452
What is excessive cellular growth?
Hyperplasia
453
What bacteria is pus-forming, grows in clusters, and may be present on the skin as abscesses, pustules, and boils?
Staphylococci
454
What bacteria is pus-forming and grows in chains?
Streptococci
455
What is natural immunity?
partly inherited (congenital)
456
What comes about after the body has overcome diseases or after it has received vaccinations?
Acquired immunity
457
How long should instruments be sterilized in dry heat?
340 degrees Fahrenheit for 1 hour,
320 degrees Fahrenheit for 2 hours
458
How long should unpackaged instruments be sterilized?
15 minutes at 250 degrees Fahrenheit, 15psi
459
How long should packaged instruments be sterilized?
30 minutes at 250 degrees Fahrenheit, 15psi
460
DOH stands for what?
Department of Health
461
DOH is regulated by Chapter 455 of the
Florida Statute
462
Which part of Chapter 455 in the Florida Statute governs the DOH?
Part 2
463
Chapter 478 of the Florida Statute is known as?
The Electrology practice
464
The rules as set forth by the DOH are contained in the what?
Florida Administrative Code (FAC)
465
What year did Dr. Henri Bordier develop Thermolysis?
1924
466
What year did St. Pierra and Hinkel develop the blend method?
1945
467
What year did Dr. Charles Michel create galvanic current?
1875
468
Pituitary gland produces:
TSH, FSH, GH, LH, ACTH
469
What hormone does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland make?
ADH
470
Medicine that influences that hair growth:
Birth control, minoxidil, dilantin
471
2 sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Aprocrine and Eccrine
472
What sweat gland contributes to body odor?
Aprocrine
473
What glands secrete heat and regulate it?
Eccrine
474
Flow that has been interrupted by a break or gap
Open circuit
475
Carries impulses AWAY from the nerve cells
Axons
476
Carries impulses TOWARDS the nerve cells
Dendrites
477
