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Study 4 Test > Anatomy & Physiology + Endocrine System/Diseases & Disorders > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology + Endocrine System/Diseases & Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The blood vessels that nourish the hair is located in the:

A

Hair papilla

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2
Q

Which is NOT part of the Pilosebaceous unit?

A

Sudoriferous gland

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3
Q

Two or more hairs sharing a follicle are known as:

A

Pili multigemini

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4
Q

Which phase is the active phase for growth of a hair?

A

Anagen

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5
Q

Full anagen or anagen-6 indicates:

A

Deepest follicle stage

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6
Q

The enlarged base of the hair root is known as the:

A

Bulb or Bulge

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7
Q

This is an involuntary muscle that makes hair stand up:

A

Arrector pili

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8
Q

Mitotic cells in the hair begin their growing in the:

A

Matrix

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9
Q

Prenatal hair is called:

A

Lanugo

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10
Q

At what stage of hair growth does the hair separate from the papilla?

A

Catagen

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11
Q

Trichology involves the study of the diseases of the:

A

Hair

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12
Q

During puberty, ambosexual hair is located where?

A

Groin and axilla

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13
Q

Where does vellus hair begin its growth?

A

Lobe of the Sebaceous Gland

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14
Q

Name the layers of the Epidermis starting from the innermost layer to the outermost layer:

A

Stratum Germinativum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum

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15
Q

Name the layer of hair that gives the hair its strength and elasticity?

A

Cuticle

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16
Q

Name the layer of hair responsible for pigment:

A

Cortex

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17
Q

What is the depression in the Epidermis?

A

Follicle

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18
Q

Which is NOT an appendage of the skin?

A

Capillaries

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19
Q

The oil glands empty a substance to the skin called:

A

Sebum

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20
Q

Which of the following is not a term to denote the 2nd layer of the skin?

A

Epithelium

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21
Q

What layer of the Epidermis contains Langerhan cells?

A

Stratum spinosum

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22
Q

People with darker skin have:

A

More active melanocytes

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23
Q

What gland activates axilla/groin hair growth during puberty?

A

Apocrine

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24
Q

Collagen & Elastin bundles are found where?

A

Reticular layer

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25
Q

Name the process where chromosomes are reduced by half:

A

Meiosis

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26
Q

Melanocytes are responsible for:

A

Pigment coloring

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27
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

SHAPE:
Sensation
Heat Regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion

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28
Q

The process which cells are growing and dividing is known as:

A

Mitosis

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29
Q

These nerve endings found in the Dermis which are receptive to pressure & touch?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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30
Q

These glands release pheromones and share a follicle with terminal hair?

A

Apocrine glands

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31
Q

Excessive or abnormal hair growth on a woman’s face is known as:

A

Hirsutism

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32
Q

Two local factors that a person’s hair growth can be accelerated are:
a) Puberty and Diet
b) Medication and Rest
c) Blood Supply and Hormone Stimulation
d) Age and Nerves

A

Blood Supply & Hormone Levels (best choice)

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33
Q

The term to denote excessive or abnormal hair growth is:

A

Hypertrichosis

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34
Q

If a vellus hair is stimulated to grow deeper and coarser, it is said to be:

A

Accelerated vellus hair

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35
Q

The natural growth pattern of hair on a person either at birth or later in life is called:

A

Congenital

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36
Q

Some authorities believe that hair can grow deeper and darker if they:

A

Tweezed

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37
Q

The Adrenal glands produce male hormones capable of stimulating face and body hair called:

A

Androgens

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38
Q

A woman may acquire some heavily pigmented hairs at menopause in what susceptible areas?

A

Chin and upper lip

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39
Q

Some hormones direct their activities to certain types of tissues, these tissues are called?

A

Target organs

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40
Q

The Endocrine system is sensitive to change which can result in an abnormal growth of hair. What can cause this?
a) Hormonal medication
b) Diet
c) Vitamins
d) Topical salve

A

Hormonal medication

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41
Q

What disease is associated with too little ADH and high blood pressure?

A

Diabetes insipidus

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42
Q

What disease is associated with too little insulin?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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43
Q

What disease is associated with too little cortisol?

A

Addison’s disease

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44
Q

What disease is associated with too thyroid hormone?

A

Hypothyroidism

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45
Q

What disease is associated with insulin resistance during pregnancy?

A

Gestational diabetes

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46
Q

What disease is associated with too much thyroxine?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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47
Q

What disease is associated with too much cortisol?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

48
Q

What disease is associated with too much growth hormone?

A

Gigantism

49
Q

What disease is associated with too much male androgens (in females)?

A

PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

50
Q

What disease is associated with too much growth hormone after puberty?

A

Acromegaly

51
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter decreases urination?

A

ADH

52
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter decreases blood sugar?

A

insulin

53
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter increases blood sugar?

A

glucagon

54
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter increases uterine contractions?

A

oxytocin

55
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter prolongs sympathetic response?

A

epinephrine

56
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter regulates cell metabolism?

A

thyroxine

57
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter increases milk production?

A

prolactin

58
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter increases steroid release?

A

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

59
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter increases thyroid hormone secretion?

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

60
Q

What hormone or neurotransmitter stimulates tissue growth?

A

GH (growth hormone)

61
Q

The Parathyroid gland helps maintain equilibrium between body fluids by:

A

Homeostasis

62
Q

The Endocrine glands excrete substances which are responsible for the growth and development of the body called:

A

Hormones

63
Q

The Parathyroid and Thyroid regulate what in the body?

A

Calcium & Phosphorous

64
Q

The disorder where not enough ADH is produced in the Hypothalamus which leads to increased hair growth and high blood pressure is known as:

A

Hypertrichosis

65
Q

What gland of the Endocrine system is considered the “Master Gland”?

A

Pituitary Gland

66
Q

Endocrine glands exude their chemical products directly into the bloodstream, this being called glands of:

A

Internal secretion

67
Q

The Hypothalamus produces neurohormones including which one that decreases pain:

A

Endorphins

68
Q

A disorder where too much cortisol is present and produces symptoms of moon face/camel hump back is known as:

A

Cushing’s syndrome

69
Q

In women, terminal hair on the face alone suggests:

A

An excess of androgens

70
Q

What type of diabetes is always insulin dependent?

A

Type I

71
Q

A person with a goiter will have increases secretion of:

A

TSH

72
Q

All are exocrine glands except:

A

Pineal glands

73
Q

Osmosis is the process of changing water from:

A

High pressure to low pressure

74
Q

Endocrine glands are:

A

Ductless and secrete

75
Q

What portion of the brain makes neurohormones?

A

Hypothalamus

76
Q

What hormone stimulates the Thyroid gland?

A

TSH

77
Q

What is the overproduction of GH in adulthood?

A

Acromegaly

78
Q

What hormone causes the ovaries to produce eggs?

A

LH

79
Q

All hormones produced by the Endocrine system have:

A

Target organs

80
Q

Diabetes Insipidus has the deficiency of:

A

ADH

81
Q

The Pineal gland does all except:
a) Secretes melatonin
b) Regulates puberty
c) Excretes melatonin
d) Regulates biorhythms

A

c) Excretes melatonin

82
Q

We cannot live without this hormone:

A

Triiogothyronine (T3)

83
Q

Which gland sits on top of the kidneys?

A

Adrenal gland

84
Q

Which disorder has low cortisol?

A

Addison’s disease

85
Q

What is the disorder that is the combination of Cushing’s syndrome and Virilism?

A

Archard Thiers syndrome

86
Q

All are Diabetes symptoms except:

A

Increase of Androgens

87
Q

Which hormone detects pregnancy?

A

HCG

88
Q

What is essential for the production of the Thyroid hormone in your diet?

A

Iodine

89
Q

Hyperthyroidism is:

A

Grave’s disease

90
Q

The branch of medical science that relates to the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions is called:

A

Dermatology

91
Q

A symptom you cannot see is a:

A

Subjective symptom

92
Q

All are fluid-less lesions except:
a) Vesicle
b) Nodule
c) Papule
d) Macule

A

Vesicle

93
Q

What is another term for freckle?

A

Macule

94
Q

What is Telangiectasia?

A

Spider veins

95
Q

What is a scale?

A

Dandruff, dry flaky skin

96
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Break in the skin

97
Q

What is a nevus referred to?

A

Birthmark

98
Q

Impetigo is what kind of disease?

A

Bacterial

99
Q

This parasitic disease is highly contagious; it leads to pustules, boils, and ulcers:

A

Bacterial disease

100
Q

The medical term for a wart is:

A

Verruca

101
Q

Mask of pregnancy is also known as:

A

Chloasma (melasma)

102
Q

What is an enclosed, pus containing cavity?

A

Abscess

103
Q

What plays a critical part in the body’s defense against infection?

A

Thymus

104
Q

What is the development of male sexual characteristics in the female?

A

Virilization

105
Q

What is a swelling on the front of the neck caused by the thyroid gland becoming too large?

A

Goiter

106
Q

Originating from outside the body:

A

Exogenous

107
Q

Where is epinephrine and norepinephrine produced?

A

Adrenal gland

108
Q

What hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland during pregnancy and stimulates the breast development necessary for lactation?

A

Prolactin

109
Q

What part of the brain controls many body functions related to homeostasis?

A

Hypothalamus

110
Q

What is a drug derived from Vitamin A, used in the treatment of severe acne?

A

Isotretinoin

111
Q

What is also known as the “third eye” and secretes melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

112
Q

What is a congenital deficiency of thyroxine, and if untreated, can lead to mental retardation and incomplete physical development?

A

Cretinism

113
Q

Tremors, sweating, weakness, tachycardia, arrhythmia, irritability are all symptoms of what?

A

Graves’ Disease

114
Q

A group of signs & symptoms considered together that constitute a disease is a:

A

Syndrome

115
Q
A

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