Anatomy & Physiology + Endocrine System/Diseases & Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
The blood vessels that nourish the hair is located in the:
A
Hair papilla
2
Q
Which is NOT part of the Pilosebaceous unit?
A
Sudoriferous gland
3
Q
Two or more hairs sharing a follicle are known as:
A
Pili multigemini
4
Q
Which phase is the active phase for growth of a hair?
A
Anagen
5
Q
Full anagen or anagen-6 indicates:
A
Deepest follicle stage
6
Q
The enlarged base of the hair root is known as the:
A
Bulb or Bulge
7
Q
This is an involuntary muscle that makes hair stand up:
A
Arrector pili
8
Q
Mitotic cells in the hair begin their growing in the:
A
Matrix
9
Q
Prenatal hair is called:
A
Lanugo
10
Q
At what stage of hair growth does the hair separate from the papilla?
A
Catagen
11
Q
Trichology involves the study of the diseases of the:
A
Hair
12
Q
During puberty, ambosexual hair is located where?
A
Groin and axilla
13
Q
Where does vellus hair begin its growth?
A
Lobe of the Sebaceous Gland
14
Q
Name the layers of the Epidermis starting from the innermost layer to the outermost layer:
A
Stratum Germinativum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum
15
Q
Name the layer of hair that gives the hair its strength and elasticity?
A
Cuticle
16
Q
Name the layer of hair responsible for pigment:
A
Cortex
17
Q
What is the depression in the Epidermis?
A
Follicle
18
Q
Which is NOT an appendage of the skin?
A
Capillaries
19
Q
The oil glands empty a substance to the skin called:
A
Sebum
20
Q
Which of the following is not a term to denote the 2nd layer of the skin?
A
Epithelium
21
Q
What layer of the Epidermis contains Langerhan cells?
A
Stratum spinosum
22
Q
People with darker skin have:
A
More active melanocytes
23
Q
What gland activates axilla/groin hair growth during puberty?
A
Apocrine
24
Q
Collagen & Elastin bundles are found where?
A
Reticular layer
25
Name the process where chromosomes are reduced by half:
Meiosis
26
Melanocytes are responsible for:
Pigment coloring
27
What are the functions of the skin?
SHAPE:
Sensation
Heat Regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
28
The process which cells are growing and dividing is known as:
Mitosis
29
These nerve endings found in the Dermis which are receptive to pressure & touch?
Meissner's corpuscles
30
These glands release pheromones and share a follicle with terminal hair?
Apocrine glands
31
Excessive or abnormal hair growth on a woman's face is known as:
Hirsutism
32
Two local factors that a person's hair growth can be accelerated are:
a) Puberty and Diet
b) Medication and Rest
c) Blood Supply and Hormone Stimulation
d) Age and Nerves
Blood Supply & Hormone Levels (best choice)
33
The term to denote excessive or abnormal hair growth is:
Hypertrichosis
34
If a vellus hair is stimulated to grow deeper and coarser, it is said to be:
Accelerated vellus hair
35
The natural growth pattern of hair on a person either at birth or later in life is called:
Congenital
36
Some authorities believe that hair can grow deeper and darker if they:
Tweezed
37
The Adrenal glands produce male hormones capable of stimulating face and body hair called:
Androgens
38
A woman may acquire some heavily pigmented hairs at menopause in what susceptible areas?
Chin and upper lip
39
Some hormones direct their activities to certain types of tissues, these tissues are called?
Target organs
40
The Endocrine system is sensitive to change which can result in an abnormal growth of hair. What can cause this?
a) Hormonal medication
b) Diet
c) Vitamins
d) Topical salve
Hormonal medication
41
What disease is associated with too little ADH and high blood pressure?
Diabetes insipidus
42
What disease is associated with too little insulin?
Diabetes mellitus
43
What disease is associated with too little cortisol?
Addison's disease
44
What disease is associated with too thyroid hormone?
Hypothyroidism
45
What disease is associated with insulin resistance during pregnancy?
Gestational diabetes
46
What disease is associated with too much thyroxine?
Hyperthyroidism
47
What disease is associated with too much cortisol?
Cushing's syndrome
48
What disease is associated with too much growth hormone?
Gigantism
49
What disease is associated with too much male androgens (in females)?
PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)
50
What disease is associated with too much growth hormone after puberty?
Acromegaly
51
What hormone or neurotransmitter decreases urination?
ADH
52
What hormone or neurotransmitter decreases blood sugar?
insulin
53
What hormone or neurotransmitter increases blood sugar?
glucagon
54
What hormone or neurotransmitter increases uterine contractions?
oxytocin
55
What hormone or neurotransmitter prolongs sympathetic response?
epinephrine
56
What hormone or neurotransmitter regulates cell metabolism?
thyroxine
57
What hormone or neurotransmitter increases milk production?
prolactin
58
What hormone or neurotransmitter increases steroid release?
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
59
What hormone or neurotransmitter increases thyroid hormone secretion?
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
60
What hormone or neurotransmitter stimulates tissue growth?
GH (growth hormone)
61
The Parathyroid gland helps maintain equilibrium between body fluids by:
Homeostasis
62
The Endocrine glands excrete substances which are responsible for the growth and development of the body called:
Hormones
63
The Parathyroid and Thyroid regulate what in the body?
Calcium & Phosphorous
64
The disorder where not enough ADH is produced in the Hypothalamus which leads to increased hair growth and high blood pressure is known as:
Hypertrichosis
65
What gland of the Endocrine system is considered the "Master Gland"?
Pituitary Gland
66
Endocrine glands exude their chemical products directly into the bloodstream, this being called glands of:
Internal secretion
67
The Hypothalamus produces neurohormones including which one that decreases pain:
Endorphins
68
A disorder where too much cortisol is present and produces symptoms of moon face/camel hump back is known as:
Cushing's syndrome
69
In women, terminal hair on the face alone suggests:
An excess of androgens
70
What type of diabetes is always insulin dependent?
Type I
71
A person with a goiter will have increases secretion of:
TSH
72
All are exocrine glands except:
Pineal glands
73
Osmosis is the process of changing water from:
High pressure to low pressure
74
Endocrine glands are:
Ductless and secrete
75
What portion of the brain makes neurohormones?
Hypothalamus
76
What hormone stimulates the Thyroid gland?
TSH
77
What is the overproduction of GH in adulthood?
Acromegaly
78
What hormone causes the ovaries to produce eggs?
LH
79
All hormones produced by the Endocrine system have:
Target organs
80
Diabetes Insipidus has the deficiency of:
ADH
81
The Pineal gland does all except:
a) Secretes melatonin
b) Regulates puberty
c) Excretes melatonin
d) Regulates biorhythms
c) Excretes melatonin
82
We cannot live without this hormone:
Triiogothyronine (T3)
83
Which gland sits on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal gland
84
Which disorder has low cortisol?
Addison's disease
85
What is the disorder that is the combination of Cushing's syndrome and Virilism?
Archard Thiers syndrome
86
All are Diabetes symptoms except:
Increase of Androgens
87
Which hormone detects pregnancy?
HCG
88
What is essential for the production of the Thyroid hormone in your diet?
Iodine
89
Hyperthyroidism is:
Grave's disease
90
The branch of medical science that relates to the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions is called:
Dermatology
91
A symptom you cannot see is a:
Subjective symptom
92
All are fluid-less lesions except:
a) Vesicle
b) Nodule
c) Papule
d) Macule
Vesicle
93
What is another term for freckle?
Macule
94
What is Telangiectasia?
Spider veins
95
What is a scale?
Dandruff, dry flaky skin
96
What is a fissure?
Break in the skin
97
What is a nevus referred to?
Birthmark
98
Impetigo is what kind of disease?
Bacterial
99
This parasitic disease is highly contagious; it leads to pustules, boils, and ulcers:
Bacterial disease
100
The medical term for a wart is:
Verruca
101
Mask of pregnancy is also known as:
Chloasma (melasma)
102
What is an enclosed, pus containing cavity?
Abscess
103
What plays a critical part in the body's defense against infection?
Thymus
104
What is the development of male sexual characteristics in the female?
Virilization
105
What is a swelling on the front of the neck caused by the thyroid gland becoming too large?
Goiter
106
Originating from outside the body:
Exogenous
107
Where is epinephrine and norepinephrine produced?
Adrenal gland
108
What hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland during pregnancy and stimulates the breast development necessary for lactation?
Prolactin
109
What part of the brain controls many body functions related to homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
110
What is a drug derived from Vitamin A, used in the treatment of severe acne?
Isotretinoin
111
What is also known as the "third eye" and secretes melatonin?
Pineal gland
112
What is a congenital deficiency of thyroxine, and if untreated, can lead to mental retardation and incomplete physical development?
Cretinism
113
Tremors, sweating, weakness, tachycardia, arrhythmia, irritability are all symptoms of what?
Graves' Disease
114
A group of signs & symptoms considered together that constitute a disease is a:
Syndrome
115
