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Esthetics final exam > IBEC board > Flashcards

IBEC board Flashcards

1
Q

What are critical items?

A

Instruments that come in direct contact with the blood stream (PROBE, TWEEZER)

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2
Q

Device to test method of sterilization with resistant bacteria (Tuberculosis)?

A

Biological indicator

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3
Q

What device is used to monitor all/parts of physical conditions of a heat sterilization process?

A

Chemical indicator

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4
Q

What is the high – level disinfection?

A

Disinfection process that destroys some but not all bacterial spores

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5
Q

Who regulates intermediate level and low-level disinfections?

A

EPA

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6
Q

What is low-level disinfection used for?

A

Disinfecting environmental or medical surfaces

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7
Q

What is enzyme detergent?

A

Used as a soaking solution for critical, semi, and non-critical items used in an ultra-sonic device

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8
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism or substance capable of producing a disease

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9
Q

What is non pathogen?

A

Non disease producing

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10
Q

How full should a sharps container be before sealing and sending off?

A

¾ full

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11
Q

What disinfection is most critical to infection prevention?

A

Hospital type disinfectants

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12
Q

How long does an opened package of instruments last before having to clean again?

A

24 hours

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13
Q

What is done with instruments for ultrasonic device?

A

Place in the basket of covered ultrasonic cleaning unit containing a fresh solution of enzyme detergent and follow manufacture guidelines

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14
Q

What instruments can penetrate soft tissue during electrolysis?

A

Needles and tweezers

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15
Q

What is an environmental surface?

A

2 groups: “noncritical” medical equipment surfaces, housekeeping surfaces (floors, walls, doors, knobs)

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16
Q

What is required for each treatment room?

A

Available sink with hot and cold water

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17
Q

What should you do if provider or client suspects any contraindications?

A

Refer client to their physician

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18
Q

What should happen when a puncture injury occurs?

A

Remove and discard gloves, wash exposed surface with running water and soap, if wound is bleeding, let it bleed and clean wound and apply antiseptic product, last contact personal physician

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19
Q

What is antiseptic?

A

Free of microorganisms that cause disease

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20
Q

What is technique?

A

Skill and procedure with which a surgical operation or experiment

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21
Q

What is contaminated?

A

As the passing of bacteria or other harmful substances indirectly from one patient to another through unsterile equipment, procedures, or products

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22
Q

Under steam sterilization when does total destruction occur?

A

9 minutes at 250 degrees

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23
Q

How often should you use biological indicators?

A

Monthly basis

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24
Q

How long can HBV survive on a dry inanimate object or outside the body?

A

A week

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25
Q

What are the rod-shaped bacteria called?

A

Bacillus

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26
Q

What are the circle bacteria called?

A

Coccus

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27
Q

What are the spiral bacteria called?

A

Spirillum

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28
Q

How should blood spill be cleaned up from a surface?

A

Cleaned and disinfected with a mixture of bleach and water (one part household bleach / 10 parts water)

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29
Q

What organ does HCV attack?

A

Liver

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30
Q

How long can HCV live outside the body?

A

At least 16 hours, no longer than 4 days

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31
Q

Who created the Theory of Stimulated Emission and when?

A

Created by Plank and Einstein in 1917

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32
Q

What is Stimulated Emission?

A

How atoms get excited to produce light photons

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33
Q

Who is the father of laser and why?

A

Rox Andersen, 1996 discovered selective photo thermolysis

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34
Q

What does L.A.S.E.R stand for?

A

Light, Amplification, by the Stimulated, Emission, of radiation

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35
Q

What is amplification?

A

Stimulated emission repeated innumerable amount of time resulting in a laser beam

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36
Q

What is wavelength determined by?

A

The medium, a crystal that resides in the resonator cavity (gas, solid, liquid)

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37
Q

What is the Electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Scale that determines all light by wavelengths

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38
Q

What is wavelength measured by?

A

Nanometers

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39
Q

What are chromophores?

A

The melanin targets

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40
Q

What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing?

A

Ionizing changes DNA, non-ionizing does not change DNA (laser)

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41
Q

What is laser?

A

Instrument that generates a beam of light of a single wavelength or color

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42
Q

List all 4 crystals and their nanometers:

A

Ruby – 694nm
Alex- 755nm
Diode- 810nm
Nd:Yag- 1064nm

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43
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance between two peaks (NM)

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44
Q

When does water become an additional chromophore?

A

900nm

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45
Q

What is depth of penetration dependent on?

A

Wavelength and spot size

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46
Q

What is pulse width / duration?

A

The amount of time energy is directed to a target (milliseconds)

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47
Q

What does spot size determine?

A

Energy is limited by the size of the spot size (large spot = less scatter, small spot = more scatter)

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48
Q

What is fluence?

A

Measures the rate of energy per unit area (joules)

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49
Q

What is selective thermolysis?

A

Specific wavelength and pulse duration to destroy chromophore without damaging surrounding tissue

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50
Q

What is thermal relaxation time (TRT)?

A

Time needed for a target tissue to cool down by 50%

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51
Q

What is absorption?

A

The target absorbs the laser which is absorption (water, blood, melanin)

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52
Q

What is Eumelanin?

A

Brown / black

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53
Q

What is Pheomelanin?

A

Pink to red hue

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54
Q

How does the FDA define laser hair removal?

A

“Long term, stable reduction in the number of hairs regrowing after a treatment regime”

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55
Q

When did laser hair removal be available and approved by FDA?

A

1997

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56
Q

How many treatments do you need for laser hair removal?

A

3-8, several treatments

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57
Q

The longer the laser stays on tissue what happens?

A

The deeper the penetration and more thermal effects are produced

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58
Q

What does epidermal cooling allow?

A

Higher fluences and reduces pain and side effects

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59
Q

What is the Grothus- Draper Law?

A

In order to have a biological effect in the tissue, light must be absorbed by the target (no absorption = no destruction)

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60
Q

The retinal hazard is laser light:

A

In the visible and near infrared spectrum between 400-1400nm

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61
Q

Q-switch?

A

Tattoo

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62
Q

What is purpura?

A

Laser bruise

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63
Q

Which cools faster, small or larger chromophores?

A

Small, thus larger chromophores have a longer TRT time (pulse width determined by size of target)

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64
Q

What program determines safe use of lasers?

A

ANSI: American National Standards Institute

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65
Q

When is eye protection needed?

A

Class 3B and 4

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66
Q

When does fire hazard become a problem?

A

When laser beam or reflection of beam strikes material such as rubber, plastic human tissue, paper products, human hair, glasses, alcohol, acetone

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67
Q

List all LSO duties/ responsibilities:

A
  • Confirm classification of laser
  • Read manufacture instructions for installment and maintenance
  • Laser properly installed
  • Train workers of laser
  • Limit access to laser area
  • Maintain laser equipment
  • Appropriate laser signs
  • PPE
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68
Q

What does ANSI stand for?

A

American National Standards Institute

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69
Q

What does OSHA stand for?

A

Occupational safety and health administration

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70
Q

What does the FDA stand for?

A

Food and drug administration

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71
Q

Where should the fire extinguisher be?

A

Visible in the treatment room

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72
Q

What are the criteria for laser shutdown?

A
  • Water or coolant leakage
  • Inability to calibrate
  • Fiber breakage during use
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73
Q

What does damage on the eye depend on?

A

The wavelength of the light and the energy absorption

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74
Q

Eyewear must have the following requirements:

A

-Labeled stating wavelength in nanometers and optical density for the level of protection
-Clean eyewear with ONLY alcohol free soap and store in individual storage cases to avoid scratches and exposure

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75
Q

What does a class 2 and 2M system emit?

A

Visible 400nm-700nm

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76
Q

What does the ultraviolet light range to?

A

315nm-390nm

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77
Q

What does visible light range to?

A

400nm-700nm

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78
Q

What does far infrared light range to?

A

1400nm-1mm

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79
Q

What do laser plumes contain?

A

Carcinogens, mutagens, irritants, and fine dusts ect.

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80
Q

How can plume be controlled?

A

Ventilation

81
Q

What does plume scavenging system (PSS) do?

A

Term used for a portable, mobile or fixed device that captures and neutralizes plume (smoke evacuators)

82
Q

What pulse widths are safer for dark skin?

A

Longer pulse widths

83
Q

Classify Fitzpatrick’s 1-6 phototypes

A

1- Easily burns, never tans
2- Burns easily, tans minimally with difficulty
3- Burns moderately, tans moderately
4- Burns minimally, tans moderately
5- Rarely burns, tans
6- Never burns, tans

84
Q

What should be done in a laser induced injury?

A

Supervising physician should be notified immediately and examination should be done within 24 hours

85
Q

What UV radiation is the most dangerous?

A

UVB

86
Q

Which UV light penetrates deeper?

A

UVA

87
Q

When should you do a test spot?

A

Skin type 3 and 4

88
Q

What is the end point you want to see after lasering?

A

Perifollicular edema erythema

89
Q

How long should excessive sweating be avoided?

A

24-48 hours

90
Q

How long should a hot shower be avoided?

A

12-24 hours

91
Q

When should you advise your patient to come back in for a follow up?

A

6 to 8 weeks

92
Q

What is the most the important preparation for clients before LHR?

A

The consultation

93
Q

Smallest unit in the universe

A

Atom

94
Q

Middle of the atom consists of different particles. What is mostly found here?

A

Proton (nucleus)

95
Q

Negative charged particle

A

Electron

96
Q

How many protons and neutrons are in a stable atom?

A

They are equal

97
Q

What is the process of adding or removing electrons to or from its atomic orbit?

A

Ionization

98
Q

What is an atom called when it loses an electron?

A

Ion

99
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

Cation

100
Q

What is a negative ion called?

A

Anion

101
Q

What is a combination of atoms (cation and anion)?

A

Molecule

102
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Smallest unit of matter into which a substance can be divided without loosing basic properties

103
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Any substance that will easily transmit the flow/ movement of an electrical current ex. (tap water, metal, electrology probe, human body

104
Q

What is an insulator?

A

Any substance that will resist the passage of an electrical current ex. (rubber, steam, distilled water)

105
Q

What is the positive electrode called?

A

Anode (red)

106
Q

What is the negative electrode called?

A

Cathode (black)

107
Q

Where do electrons move to?

A

A place where there is an excess of electrons to where there is little (negative to positive)

108
Q

What is alternating current (AC)?

A

Rapid and interrupted current flowing in one direction then back making it a MECHANICAL current

109
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of events (waves)(cycles) X (seconds)

110
Q

What is hertz?

A

Measurement of frequency
1 Hz = 1 cycle = 1 second
1 cycle = 1 wave = 1 event

111
Q

What is an epilators frequency?

A

13.56 MHz (megahertz)

112
Q

What is polarity?

A

Imbalance effects of electric flow

113
Q

What does an oscillator do?

A

An alternating current that changes alternating current to high frequency

114
Q

What does a rectifier do?

A

A direct current that changes alternating current to direct current

115
Q

What is direct current?

A

A constant even flow of electrons in one direction

116
Q

Short circuit

A

Current not completing its path taking a “short cut”

117
Q

Fuse

A

Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit

118
Q

Circuit breaker

A

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electrical circuit; first sign of overload

119
Q

Grounding

A

Completes an electrical circuit; carries current safely away

120
Q

What tag should you check for on electrical equipment?

A

Underwriters Laboratories tag (UL)

121
Q

What device does electrolysis/galvanic use for current?

A

Rectifier

122
Q

What device does thermolysis use for current?

A

Oscillator

123
Q

What does Rheostat do?

A

Changes the ampere

124
Q

What is step up and step-down transformer?

A

Step up: higher the volts, lower the amps;
Step down: lower the volts higher the amps

125
Q

What is electrolysis/galvanic current?

A

Direct current

126
Q

What is phoresies?

A

Force of chemical solution into unbroken skin (electrotherapy)

127
Q

What is anaphoresis?

A

Use of negative pole that produces lye and stimulates

128
Q

What is cataphoresis?

A

The use of positive pole to distribute galvanic current over the skin (calming)

129
Q

What is diathermy?

A

High frequency heat effect in tissue producing therapeutic effect

130
Q

What kind of current is “the blend”

A

Direct and alternating current

131
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Electrons at rest

132
Q

What is a lodestone?

A

Natural magnet made with magnetite

133
Q

What is the magnetic field?

A

Area of magnetic influences surrounding a magnetic polarized object

134
Q

What is coulomb?

A

Count/ quantity

135
Q

What do amperes do?

A

Measure’s strength of current (DC and AC)

136
Q

What are volts?

A

Pressure/ force

137
Q

What are Ohms?

A

Amount of RESISTANT

138
Q

What are watts?

A

Unit of electrical power (W = A X V)

139
Q

What are joules?

A

Measure’s energy

140
Q

What is density of hair?

A

of hair in cm^2

141
Q

What is a milliampere?

A

Measures current in 1/1,000 ampere

142
Q

What is a nanometer?

A

Measures current in a billionth ampere (faster than milliampere)

143
Q

What is the effect of thermolysis?

A

Electrodesiccation (drying) or electrocoagulation (cooking)

144
Q

What does the electrical current in electrolysis/galvanic do inside the follicle?

A

Causes salt and water in tissue to break down creating sodium hydroxide (lye), hydrogen gas, and chlorine gas

145
Q

During electrolysis where does the current end back up at?

A

The source (machine)

146
Q

What chemical comes from anode?

A

Hydrochloric acid

147
Q

What chemical comes from the cathode?

A

Sodium hydroxide

148
Q

What is the point effect?

A

Greatest concentration of HF at the needle tip

149
Q

What will happen if your intensity is too high during thermolysis?

A

Tissue fluid may boil which produces steam as pear shaped that could go straight up needle producing unwanted surface heat resulting in high frequency blowout

150
Q

What the is intensity called for thermolysis?

A

Amps

151
Q

In the blend galvanic electrology, settings are made at what fraction of their usual time?

A

1/4th

152
Q

Who was the ophthalmologist that invented galvanic and when?

A

Dr. Charles Michel in 1875

153
Q

What are other names for galvanic electrolysis?

A

Chemical decomposition and true electrolysis

154
Q

What is galvanic electrolysis?

A

Removing hair by chemical decomposition

155
Q

Theory of galvanic reaction

A

Water and salt decomposing turning into sodium hydroxide (Lye)

156
Q

What makes up the negative pole ?

A

Cathode, needle,

157
Q

What makes up the positive pole?

A

Anode, indifferent electrode

158
Q

What is hydrogen gas (H2) and chloride gas (CL2)?

A

Bi products

159
Q

Where is lye produced?

A

Negative electrode produces lye in each follicle to destroy dermal papilla

160
Q

What is the conductor in electrolysis?

A

Salt and water in tissue

161
Q

What unit of Lye should vellus shallow hair have and what is categorized as this?

A

15 UL, cheek and lip

162
Q

What unit of Lye should accelerated vellus and medium hair have and what is categorized as this?

A

45 UL, side of face, chin, arms

163
Q

What unit of Lye should deep terminal hair have and what is categorized as this?

A

60 UL, women’s chin/leg and men’s back/shoulder

164
Q

What unit of Lye should very deep terminal hair have and what is categorized as this?

A

80 UL, men’s beard

165
Q

What is Faradays law?

A

Unit of Lye = amp X time (sec)

166
Q

What is commerial?

A

UL = amps by hours

167
Q

Kill hair in follicle

A

UL = MA (intensity) X seconds

168
Q

What are the active electrodes in galvanic electrolysis?

3 of them

A

Needle, lye, anaphoretic

169
Q

What is an inactive electrode in galvanic electrolysis?

A

Roller, indifferent electrode, hydrochloric acid, cataphoresis

170
Q

What is the side effect of hydrochloric acid in the palms of your hands?

A

Erythema

171
Q

What is thermolysis?

A

Killing hair using heat w alternating current

172
Q

Who was the first scientist to demonstrate existence of HF waves?

A

Heinrich Hertz

173
Q

What is electrocoagulation?

A

The process by which heat causes cells to coagulate and become dysfunctional

174
Q

What is desiccate?

A

To dry up / deprive of moisture

175
Q

What is coagulate?

A

Congeal / thicken

176
Q

What does high frequency’s hertz range to?

A

3-30 MHz

177
Q

What temperature is best for coagulation?

A

130 F

178
Q

What temperature is best for desiccation?

A

212F

179
Q

What is current density?

A

The number of electrons flowing from a conductor / probe

180
Q

What effects current density?

A

Needle size and depth of insertion

181
Q

What does the size of the probe determine?

A

Diameter of hair in anagen phase

182
Q

Explain what happens with insertion depth

A

Deeper = less heat produced
Shallower = more heat produces

183
Q

What is current intensity?

A

Amount of electricity flowing through probe

184
Q

What is point effect?

A

Heat starting at the tip of needle (bottom) from HF

185
Q

What is the pattern of destruction?

A

Pear shape

186
Q

What is capacitive return?

A

The current will return to the machine by means of radiation through air

187
Q

What is a blowout caused by?

A

Energy too extreme and steam getting trapped (insulator)

188
Q

The bigger the needle the…

A

Colder it is

189
Q

How do you avoid a blow out?

A

Increase insertion and avoid shallow insertions

190
Q

What is Nikolsky’s sign?

A

Separation of epidermis from dermis

191
Q

What is the working point?

A

The point based on the client’s pain threshold or skin tolerance

192
Q

Where are vellus hairs from?

A

Sebaceous gland

193
Q

What is the blend?

A

Use of galvanic and low intensity thermolysis

194
Q

What current does the blend use?

A

Galvanic and low intensity thermolysis

195
Q

What is the galvanic reaction?

A

Itch on the palm from Hydrochloric acid

196
Q

How can current be applied in galvanic electrolysis?

A

Simultaneously and sequentially

197
Q

What part of the body is susceptible to pitted scars?

A

Face

198
Q
A

Esthetics final exam (2 decks)

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