Final exam Flashcards
What are the four skin types?
Oily, dry, normal, combination
What is someones skin type?
a classification that describes a person’s genetic skin attributes
What is the T- zone
the center area of the face, corresponding to the “T” shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin
What skin type needs proper cleansing, exfoliating, hydrating, and protecting
ALL skin types
What do we use physically during skin analysis?
palpation to examine the skin
What is the Fitzpatrick scale used to measure?
to measure the skin type’s ability to tolerate ultraviolet (UV) exposure
Characterize sensitive skin
fragility, thin skin, and redness
What is Telangiectasia?
visible broken or distended capillaries less than 0.5 mm due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes
How to treat sensitive skin?
Calming products/treatments
Why is sensitive skin difficult to treat?
because of its low tolerance to products and stimulation
Which Fitzpatrick is most difficult to treat?
Fitz 4
What is the sunshine vitamin?
Vitamin D
Why do clients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types have darker skin?
Higher Fitzpatrick skin types have melanocytes that produce more melanin
Acne
Sebaceous breakouts from hormonal changes or other factors
Actinic keratosis
A rough area resulting from chronic sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that sometimes falls off. Can be precancerous.
Couperose skin
Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine. Often seen with telangiectasia
Herpes simplex I
A communicable virus that appears as a vesicle on the lip similar to a blister. Find more information in the chapter on diseases and disorders of the skin
Hyperpigmentation
Overproduction of melanin
Hypopigmentation
Lack of melanin production
Hypertrichosis
Refers to any excess hair growth
Milia
Hardened, pearl-like collections of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface of the skin
Papules
A small elavation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus
Poikiloderma of Civatte
A result of chronic sun exposure
Pustules
An infected papule with fluid inside
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face; described as looking like doughnut holes; cannot be extracted
Seborrhea
Also known as seborrheic dermatitis. Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking. Occurs most commonly in the hair as dandruff.
Telangiectasia
Visible broken or distended capillaries less than 0.5 mm due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes
Extrinsic factor examples
Sun damage, smoking, lack of sleep, medication, durgs
Intrinsic factor examples
Dehydration, hormones, puberty, pregnancy, menopause
What are the two most important laws pertaining to cosmetic in USA
Federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FDA)
The Federal food, drug, and cosmetic act (FD&C ACT)
Functional ingredients
do not affect the appearance of the skin but are necessary to the product formulation
Performance ingredients
cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin due to active ingredients
Anhydrous
products that do not contain any water
Emollients
help place, spread, and keep other substances on the skin
Detergents
The main types of surfactants and are used primarly in cleaning products
Emulsifiers
surfactants that cause oil and water to mix and form an emulsion
Vehicles
carrying bases and spreading agents necessary for the formulation of a cosmetic
Liposomes
microscopic hollow fluid like spheres filled with performance ingredients to encapsulate and protect them
Polymers
chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules
Preservatives
Prevent bacteria, fungi, molds and other microorganisms from living in a product
Chelating agents
ingredients added to cosmetics that boost the efficacy of preservatives
A client taking oral steroids should avoid what?
Waxing
Where are langerhan cells?
Spinosum layer
What skin type has the least blemishes?
Normal
It is difficult to determine adverse reaction with what Fitzpatrick?
5 & 6
What is the final step in skin analysis is what?
Recording final observation in final chart
What is photo sensitive caused from?
Medication
Where does excretion come from?
Sudoriferous glands
What are fatty acids?
Lubricants
What is the best advice to give an esthetician selling?
Stick to the point
What is the current view of estheticians
Foundational to the field
What is most important in a mini facial?
Cleansing and mask
How far away should the steamer be?
18 inches
What ages the most quickly?
Decollete
Which is not a contraindication for electrolysis?
Allergies
What insulates our bodies?
Adipose tissue
What are the smelly glands
Appocrine
What is integumentary?
Largest organ in body
Gamage
Roll off mask
What is the retail market mark down?
100 percent
What should an esthetician do when first meeting a client?
Smile
What do men complain about when coming to an estherician?
Razor bumps
What skin type is most men?
Oily with surface dryness
What does exfoliation remove and deplete?
Removes lipids
Disaccharides
Made of 2 sugar molecules
Monosaccharides
Glucose molecule
Depilation
A process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin
Epilation
A process of removing whole hair from bottom of follicle by breaking contact between bulb and papillia
What is the horny layer?
The Epidermis dead skin skills compacted are like animal horns
Iontophoresis
The physical process of passing a weak electrical current through the skin with ions
What is TIMPS?
The off switch to regulate to keep our healthy collagen and elastin from getting destroyed
Natural skin pH
4.5-5.5
What is glycolipid material?
Ceramides
What is cell renewal factor? (CRF)
The rate of cell mitosis and migration from the dermis to top of epidermis
What is mitosis?
The cell re-production of skin stem cell
How many diopters in a mag light?
5
What is TEWL?
“Trans epidermal water loss”; water loss caused by evaporation
What are hydrators?
Oil-free products formulated with humectants to attract water to skin
What do melanocytes do?
Produce melanin
Hydrolipidic film
Balance must be maintained especially in alipidic skin
What is desmosomes?
Provides strong adhesion between cells
What does alkaline range to?
8-14
What does acid range to?
0-6; 7 neutral
What is glycation?
The binding of protein molecules to glucose molecule
What is the pigment called that melanocytes produce?
Melanosomes that produce melanin
Hair bulb
Thick, club shaped structure at the bottom of the hair follicle
What are GAGS?
Polysaccharides that maintain and support collagen and elastin fibers in balance
What are the stages of healing in order?
Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling stage
Where should you not press down?
Adams apple
Eumelanin
Dark skin
Pheomelanin
Light skin
What is a tyrosinase inhibitor?
Brighteners
On the Fitzpatrick scale who is Italian, Greek, or Spanish?
Fitz 3
What is Erythema?
Redness
What is Edema?
Swelling
Where does mitosis happen?
Stratum germinativum
What is the cell renewal factor per age?
Babies- 14 days
Teens- 21-28 days
Adult- 28-42 days
What does epidermal growth factor do?
Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal
Eccrine
Non smelly glands everywhere
What are the phases of hair growth?
Anagen, Catagen, Telogen
What is the only way to permanently remove hair?
Electrolysis
Where is the Papillary layer?
Connects dermis to epidermis
Where is the Reticular layer?
Denser and deeper layer of Dermis containing collagen and elastin
What are peptides?
Chains of amino acids that stimulates fibroblasts
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Protects body from disease by destroying disease and creating immunities
What are the skins 6 primary functions?
Sensation, protection, heat regulation, excretion, secretion and absorption
What determines how we age?
DNA
What does OSHA do?
sets standards to protect beauty professionals by setting standards regarding handling, mixing, storing, and disposing
What is a small sealed vile containing fluid called?
Ampoule
The scale that measures wrinkles
Glogou scale
The scale that measures photosensitivity
Rubin scale
Where is oil produced from?
Sebaceous gland
What Fitzpatrick type has blonde, red hair?
Fitz 1
How many Fitzpatrick types are there?
6
Which way do you massage muscle?
Insertion to orgin
What Fitzpatrick has more elastin than 1 & 2?
Fitz 4
What are the three main layers of the hair shaft?
Cuticle, cortex, and medulla
Glycosaminoglycans
a water-binding substance
Basal Cell Carcinoma
most common and the least severe type of skin cancer
Pilosebaceous unit
the hair unit that contains the hair follicle and appendages
Rosacea
an inflammatory and vascular disorder with multiple causes that are not completely understood
Anhidrosis deficiency
a deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking
What does Intrinsic factors mean?
Factors happening on the inside (internal)
What does Extrinsic factors mean?
Factors outside the body
What should clients with seizures and epilepsy avoid?
All electrical and light based treatments
Who is at fault if a client has an allergic reaction that needs medical attention?
If a client has an allergic reaction to a product that requires medical treatment, the manufacturer of the product is responsible—unless the product was purchased in bulk, repackaged by the salon in smaller containers, and resold, in which case the salon is at fault
Noncomedogenic
Refers to ingredients that will not clog pores.
What do Humectants do?
Ingredients that attract water; humectants draw moisture to the skin and soften its surface
What are AHA’S?
Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin
Polyglucans
ingredients derived from yeast cells that help strengthen the immune system and stimulate metabolism
What food product causes inflammation and makes it hard for dead skin cells to shed
Dairy products
Folliculitis
An infection characterized by inflammation and pus. Improper shaving may also cause folliculitis
Pseudofolliculitis
Also known as razor bumps, resembles folliculitis without the infection
What is hyaluronic acid?
A component of the skin’s natural moisturizing function
What does The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) do?
registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States
What is electrical current?
Electric current flow of electricity along a conductor
Cleaning
A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs
What is a conductor?
Any material that conducts electricity
What is an Safety Data sheet? (SDS)
A 16-category, standard-format document
Direct transmission
transmission of pathogens through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking
Indirect transmission
Indirect transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface
Non conductor
Also known as insulator; a material that does not transmit electricity
Describe what NORMAL skin looks like
Very small follicles, looks luminosity, good elasticity
Describe what DRY skin looks like
Oil is minimal, dehydrated, fine pores, flaky
Describe what OILY skin looks like
Oil is moderate to high, Moderate to large follicle size, looks shiny with possible comedones
Describe what COMBO skin looks like
Oil is moderate to high, larger follicles in t-zone than sides of face, Oilier in center t-zone than sides of face
What does SPF mean?
A sun protection factor (SPF) rating is a measure of time, determining how long a sunscreen product will protect you from UVB rays, the chief cause of sunburn.
What is galvanic current?
Used to create chemical desincrustation and ionic iontophoresis, uses electrical waves instead of sound like skin scrubber
What is microcurrent?
Low level electrical current mimics body natural cellular current
What are fibroblasts?
Cell stimulators
What do Protease enzymes do?
Keep our skin naturally shedding
Retention hyperkeratosis
Overabundance of skin cells
Corneocytes
Hardened keratinocytes
Keratolytic agent
Cause exfoliation, or sloughing, of skin cells
Free radicals
Damage the cells, break down collagen. Body fights this with inflammation
Primary colors
Red, blue, yellow
What are the three parts that make up a makeup brush?
Hair (bristles), the handle, and ferrule the metal part that hold the brush intact
What is ATP?
Chemical energy used within the cells for metabolism
What is the mandible?
Forms the lower jawbone, largest and strongest bone of face
Sweat glands are also called?
Exocrine glands
