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Esthetics final exam > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four skin types?

A

Oily, dry, normal, combination

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2
Q

What is someones skin type?

A

a classification that describes a person’s genetic skin attributes

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3
Q

What is the T- zone

A

the center area of the face, corresponding to the “T” shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin

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4
Q

What skin type needs proper cleansing, exfoliating, hydrating, and protecting

A

ALL skin types

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5
Q

What do we use physically during skin analysis?

A

palpation to examine the skin

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6
Q

What is the Fitzpatrick scale used to measure?

A

to measure the skin type’s ability to tolerate ultraviolet (UV) exposure

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7
Q

Characterize sensitive skin

A

fragility, thin skin, and redness

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8
Q

What is Telangiectasia?

A

visible broken or distended capillaries less than 0.5 mm due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes

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9
Q

How to treat sensitive skin?

A

Calming products/treatments

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10
Q

Why is sensitive skin difficult to treat?

A

because of its low tolerance to products and stimulation

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11
Q

Which Fitzpatrick is most difficult to treat?

A

Fitz 4

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12
Q

What is the sunshine vitamin?

A

Vitamin D

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13
Q

Why do clients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types have darker skin?

A

Higher Fitzpatrick skin types have melanocytes that produce more melanin

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14
Q

Acne

A

Sebaceous breakouts from hormonal changes or other factors

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15
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

A rough area resulting from chronic sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that sometimes falls off. Can be precancerous.

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16
Q

Couperose skin

A

Redness in the skin with no visible vascularity because the matting of blood vessels is so small and fine. Often seen with telangiectasia

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17
Q

Herpes simplex I

A

A communicable virus that appears as a vesicle on the lip similar to a blister. Find more information in the chapter on diseases and disorders of the skin

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18
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Overproduction of melanin

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19
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

Lack of melanin production

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20
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Refers to any excess hair growth

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21
Q

Milia

A

Hardened, pearl-like collections of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface of the skin

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22
Q

Papules

A

A small elavation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus

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23
Q

Poikiloderma of Civatte

A

A result of chronic sun exposure

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24
Q

Pustules

A

An infected papule with fluid inside

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25
Q

Sebaceous hyperplasia

A

Benign lesions seen in oilier areas of the face; described as looking like doughnut holes; cannot be extracted

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26
Q

Seborrhea

A

Also known as seborrheic dermatitis. Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking. Occurs most commonly in the hair as dandruff.

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27
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Visible broken or distended capillaries less than 0.5 mm due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes

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28
Q

Extrinsic factor examples

A

Sun damage, smoking, lack of sleep, medication, durgs

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29
Q

Intrinsic factor examples

A

Dehydration, hormones, puberty, pregnancy, menopause

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30
Q

What are the two most important laws pertaining to cosmetic in USA

A

Federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FDA)
The Federal food, drug, and cosmetic act (FD&C ACT)

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31
Q

Functional ingredients

A

do not affect the appearance of the skin but are necessary to the product formulation

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32
Q

Performance ingredients

A

cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin due to active ingredients

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33
Q

Anhydrous

A

products that do not contain any water

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34
Q

Emollients

A

help place, spread, and keep other substances on the skin

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35
Q

Detergents

A

The main types of surfactants and are used primarly in cleaning products

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36
Q

Emulsifiers

A

surfactants that cause oil and water to mix and form an emulsion

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37
Q

Vehicles

A

carrying bases and spreading agents necessary for the formulation of a cosmetic

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38
Q

Liposomes

A

microscopic hollow fluid like spheres filled with performance ingredients to encapsulate and protect them

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39
Q

Polymers

A

chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules

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40
Q

Preservatives

A

Prevent bacteria, fungi, molds and other microorganisms from living in a product

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41
Q

Chelating agents

A

ingredients added to cosmetics that boost the efficacy of preservatives

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42
Q

A client taking oral steroids should avoid what?

A

Waxing

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43
Q

Where are langerhan cells?

A

Spinosum layer

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44
Q

What skin type has the least blemishes?

A

Normal

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45
Q

It is difficult to determine adverse reaction with what Fitzpatrick?

A

5 & 6

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46
Q

What is the final step in skin analysis is what?

A

Recording final observation in final chart

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47
Q

What is photo sensitive caused from?

A

Medication

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48
Q

Where does excretion come from?

A

Sudoriferous glands

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49
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Lubricants

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50
Q

What is the best advice to give an esthetician selling?

A

Stick to the point

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51
Q

What is the current view of estheticians

A

Foundational to the field

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52
Q

What is most important in a mini facial?

A

Cleansing and mask

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53
Q

How far away should the steamer be?

A

18 inches

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54
Q

What ages the most quickly?

A

Decollete

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55
Q

Which is not a contraindication for electrolysis?

A

Allergies

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56
Q

What insulates our bodies?

A

Adipose tissue

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57
Q

What are the smelly glands

A

Appocrine

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58
Q

What is integumentary?

A

Largest organ in body

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59
Q

Gamage

A

Roll off mask

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60
Q

What is the retail market mark down?

A

100 percent

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61
Q

What should an esthetician do when first meeting a client?

A

Smile

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62
Q

What do men complain about when coming to an estherician?

A

Razor bumps

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63
Q

What skin type is most men?

A

Oily with surface dryness

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64
Q

What does exfoliation remove and deplete?

A

Removes lipids

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65
Q

Disaccharides

A

Made of 2 sugar molecules

66
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glucose molecule

67
Q

Depilation

A

A process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin

68
Q

Epilation

A

A process of removing whole hair from bottom of follicle by breaking contact between bulb and papillia

69
Q

What is the horny layer?

A

The Epidermis dead skin skills compacted are like animal horns

70
Q

Iontophoresis

A

The physical process of passing a weak electrical current through the skin with ions

71
Q

What is TIMPS?

A

The off switch to regulate to keep our healthy collagen and elastin from getting destroyed

72
Q

Natural skin pH

A

4.5-5.5

73
Q

What is glycolipid material?

A

Ceramides

74
Q

What is cell renewal factor? (CRF)

A

The rate of cell mitosis and migration from the dermis to top of epidermis

75
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The cell re-production of skin stem cell

76
Q

How many diopters in a mag light?

A

5

77
Q

What is TEWL?

A

“Trans epidermal water loss”; water loss caused by evaporation

78
Q

What are hydrators?

A

Oil-free products formulated with humectants to attract water to skin

79
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Produce melanin

80
Q

Hydrolipidic film

A

Balance must be maintained especially in alipidic skin

81
Q

What is desmosomes?

A

Provides strong adhesion between cells

82
Q

What does alkaline range to?

A

8-14

83
Q

What does acid range to?

A

0-6; 7 neutral

84
Q

What is glycation?

A

The binding of protein molecules to glucose molecule

85
Q

What is the pigment called that melanocytes produce?

A

Melanosomes that produce melanin

86
Q

Hair bulb

A

Thick, club shaped structure at the bottom of the hair follicle

87
Q

What are GAGS?

A

Polysaccharides that maintain and support collagen and elastin fibers in balance

88
Q

What are the stages of healing in order?

A

Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling stage

89
Q

Where should you not press down?

A

Adams apple

90
Q

Eumelanin

A

Dark skin

91
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Light skin

92
Q

What is a tyrosinase inhibitor?

A

Brighteners

93
Q

On the Fitzpatrick scale who is Italian, Greek, or Spanish?

A

Fitz 3

94
Q

What is Erythema?

A

Redness

95
Q

What is Edema?

A

Swelling

96
Q

Where does mitosis happen?

A

Stratum germinativum

97
Q

What is the cell renewal factor per age?

A

Babies- 14 days
Teens- 21-28 days
Adult- 28-42 days

98
Q

What does epidermal growth factor do?

A

Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

99
Q

Eccrine

A

Non smelly glands everywhere

100
Q

What are the phases of hair growth?

A

Anagen, Catagen, Telogen

101
Q

What is the only way to permanently remove hair?

A

Electrolysis

102
Q

Where is the Papillary layer?

A

Connects dermis to epidermis

103
Q

Where is the Reticular layer?

A

Denser and deeper layer of Dermis containing collagen and elastin

104
Q

What are peptides?

A

Chains of amino acids that stimulates fibroblasts

105
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

Protects body from disease by destroying disease and creating immunities

106
Q

What are the skins 6 primary functions?

A

Sensation, protection, heat regulation, excretion, secretion and absorption

107
Q

What determines how we age?

A

DNA

108
Q

What does OSHA do?

A

sets standards to protect beauty professionals by setting standards regarding handling, mixing, storing, and disposing

109
Q

What is a small sealed vile containing fluid called?

A

Ampoule

110
Q

The scale that measures wrinkles

A

Glogou scale

111
Q

The scale that measures photosensitivity

A

Rubin scale

112
Q

Where is oil produced from?

A

Sebaceous gland

113
Q

What Fitzpatrick type has blonde, red hair?

A

Fitz 1

114
Q

How many Fitzpatrick types are there?

A

6

115
Q

Which way do you massage muscle?

A

Insertion to orgin

116
Q

What Fitzpatrick has more elastin than 1 & 2?

A

Fitz 4

117
Q

What are the three main layers of the hair shaft?

A

Cuticle, cortex, and medulla

118
Q

Glycosaminoglycans

A

a water-binding substance

119
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

most common and the least severe type of skin cancer

120
Q

Pilosebaceous unit

A

the hair unit that contains the hair follicle and appendages

121
Q

Rosacea

A

an inflammatory and vascular disorder with multiple causes that are not completely understood

122
Q

Anhidrosis deficiency

A

a deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands

123
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Excess oil production that causes redness, irritation, and flaking

124
Q

What does Intrinsic factors mean?

A

Factors happening on the inside (internal)

125
Q

What does Extrinsic factors mean?

A

Factors outside the body

126
Q

What should clients with seizures and epilepsy avoid?

A

All electrical and light based treatments

127
Q

Who is at fault if a client has an allergic reaction that needs medical attention?

A

If a client has an allergic reaction to a product that requires medical treatment, the manufacturer of the product is responsible—unless the product was purchased in bulk, repackaged by the salon in smaller containers, and resold, in which case the salon is at fault

128
Q

Noncomedogenic

A

Refers to ingredients that will not clog pores.

129
Q

What do Humectants do?

A

Ingredients that attract water; humectants draw moisture to the skin and soften its surface

130
Q

What are AHA’S?

A

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

131
Q

Polyglucans

A

ingredients derived from yeast cells that help strengthen the immune system and stimulate metabolism

132
Q

What food product causes inflammation and makes it hard for dead skin cells to shed

A

Dairy products

133
Q

Folliculitis

A

An infection characterized by inflammation and pus. Improper shaving may also cause folliculitis

134
Q

Pseudofolliculitis

A

Also known as razor bumps, resembles folliculitis without the infection

135
Q

What is hyaluronic acid?

A

A component of the skin’s natural moisturizing function

136
Q

What does The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) do?

A

registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States

137
Q

What is electrical current?

A

Electric current flow of electricity along a conductor

138
Q

Cleaning

A

A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs

139
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Any material that conducts electricity

140
Q

What is an Safety Data sheet? (SDS)

A

A 16-category, standard-format document

141
Q

Direct transmission

A

transmission of pathogens through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking

142
Q

Indirect transmission

A

Indirect transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface

143
Q

Non conductor

A

Also known as insulator; a material that does not transmit electricity

144
Q

Describe what NORMAL skin looks like

A

Very small follicles, looks luminosity, good elasticity

145
Q

Describe what DRY skin looks like

A

Oil is minimal, dehydrated, fine pores, flaky

146
Q

Describe what OILY skin looks like

A

Oil is moderate to high, Moderate to large follicle size, looks shiny with possible comedones

147
Q

Describe what COMBO skin looks like

A

Oil is moderate to high, larger follicles in t-zone than sides of face, Oilier in center t-zone than sides of face

148
Q

What does SPF mean?

A

A sun protection factor (SPF) rating is a measure of time, determining how long a sunscreen product will protect you from UVB rays, the chief cause of sunburn.

149
Q

What is galvanic current?

A

Used to create chemical desincrustation and ionic iontophoresis, uses electrical waves instead of sound like skin scrubber

150
Q

What is microcurrent?

A

Low level electrical current mimics body natural cellular current

151
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Cell stimulators

152
Q

What do Protease enzymes do?

A

Keep our skin naturally shedding

153
Q

Retention hyperkeratosis

A

Overabundance of skin cells

154
Q

Corneocytes

A

Hardened keratinocytes

155
Q

Keratolytic agent

A

Cause exfoliation, or sloughing, of skin cells

156
Q

Free radicals

A

Damage the cells, break down collagen. Body fights this with inflammation

157
Q

Primary colors

A

Red, blue, yellow

158
Q

What are the three parts that make up a makeup brush?

A

Hair (bristles), the handle, and ferrule the metal part that hold the brush intact

159
Q

What is ATP?

A

Chemical energy used within the cells for metabolism

160
Q

What is the mandible?

A

Forms the lower jawbone, largest and strongest bone of face

161
Q

Sweat glands are also called?

A

Exocrine glands

162
Q
A

Esthetics final exam (2 decks)

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