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Proteins and Protein Synthesis Quiz Study Guide > IB Psych Final > Flashcards

IB Psych Final Flashcards

1
Q

Adoption Studies

A

Adoption studies tend to compare the
adopted child with the biological
mother and the adoptive mother to
determine which has the higher
concordance rate for a given behavior.

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2
Q

Amygdala

A

Involved in memory and emotion, especially fear and anger

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3
Q

Axon

A

Carries the message to a nearby neuron or to a mucsule or gland

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4
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Where nerve impulses are transmitted to the dendrites of other neurons

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5
Q

Broca’s Area

A
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6
Q

Capacity of Short Term Memory

A

Capacity of short-term memory
▪ 7 items +2 or – 2
▪ Can be increased if it is organized into chunks of meaningful or well-practiced information.

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7
Q

Case Study

A

An observation technique in which one person is studied in the hope of revealing universal principles.

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8
Q

Cell Body

A
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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Cordinates movements, balance, and posture

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10
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Those members of a species
who have characteristics which
are better suited to the
environment will be more likely
to survive, breed and thus pass
on these traits.

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11
Q

Classification of Emotions

A

Classified by two dimensions:
- The degree to which the emotion is pleasant or unpleasant
- The level of activation- or arousal associated with the emotion

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12
Q

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

A

The most important aspect of an experience is your cognative interpretation. Emotions result from the personal meaning of events and experiences.

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13
Q

Components of an Emotion

A

Physiological Changes: Such as arousal of the autonomic neurvous system and the endocrine system that are not conscious
Subjective Feelings: Of an enotion in the person
Associated Behavior: Such as smiling or running away

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14
Q

Constructive Nature of Memory

A

We Piece together memories
by fitting them to a meaningful plan or organization.
This accounts for much of the inaccuracy of our recollections. We fill in gaps with assumptions because we are
uncomfortable with the gaps. Once we’ve done this, distinguishing what actually happened from what we filled in is almost impossible.

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15
Q

Context Effects

A

You recall more accurately in the same situation
where the event originally took place.
Similar contexts may trigger feelings of deja vu.

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16
Q

Control

A

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment.

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17
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

It is divided into two hemispheres which are joined by the Corpus Callosum.

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18
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

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19
Q

Dendrite

A

Transmit messages from other neurons to the cell body

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20
Q

Dependant Variable

A

the behavior or mental process – that is being measured.

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21
Q

Donder’s Task

A
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22
Q

Double Blind Procedure

A

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or the placebo.

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23
Q

Duration of Sensory Memory

A

Duration: 3 - 4 seconds

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24
Q

Duration of Short Term Memory

A

Duration: 18 – 30 seconds

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25
Q

Echoic

A

The Auditory Sensory Register maintains
the sounds we have heard for about 3 or 4
seconds after the stimulus; this kind of
memory is called echoic.

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26
Q

Elizabeth Loftus and her research

A

▪ AIM: To Test if
leading questions
can influence
accuracy of recall

▪ Procedure:
1. Showed
participants a film
of an accident
2. Changed one word in
certain critical questions to
see if it influenced speed
estimates

  1. About how fast were the
    cars going when they ____
    each other?

Results: Use of the different
word activated different
schemas in memory

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27
Q

Encoding

A

Coding by forming associations between new information and information already stored.

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28
Q

Encoding Failure

A

Sometimes we “forget” because the info is never encoded into LTM

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29
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

Evolutionary psychologists presume all human
behaviors reflect the influence of physical and
psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce.

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30
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of behavior, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology.

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31
Q

Evolutionary Psychology Criticism

A
  • Confirmation bias is possible where the
    research see what they expect to see.
    This is true because some theories are
    difficult to test empirically.
  • We don’t really know what the
    behavior of early Homo Sapiens was.
  • The evidence often underestimates
    the role of cultural influences.
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32
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Memories are those of which one is consciously
aware.
Example: I may have an explicit memory of playing a particular golf
course.

33
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Voluntary
muscle movement, thinking,
planning, emotional control

34
Q

Goals of Psychology

A
  • Describe
  • Explain
  • Predict
  • Control
35
Q

H.M. Case Study

A
36
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

Finding out that something has happened makes it seem inevitable.

37
Q

Hippocampus

A

Involved in forming new memories

38
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Links brain and endocrine system; regulates hunger, thrist, sleep, and sexual behavior.

39
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

40
Q

Iconic

A

▪Maintains an image of what we have seen for a
few tenths of a second after the stimulus has
appeared. This kind of memory is called iconic.
▪Original research in this area involved
the partial report technique developed by
George Sperling in the early 1960s to test
subjects’ recall of letters presented in a matrix.

41
Q

Internal Validity

A

The extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study.

42
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

Perception of a relationship where none exists.

43
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Memories are those of which one is not
conscious.
Example: One may have implicit memories of how to tie one’s shoe but
not be able to describe to another how to do it.

44
Q

Independant Veriable

A

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

45
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Physiological feedback causes emotion

46
Q

Left and Right Brain Specialization

A

Most people are left-hemisphere dominant for speech and right hemisphere dominant for visual- spatial tasks.

Although the hemispheres display
some specialized abilities, many
functions are symmetrical and
performed the same way in both
hemispheres.

47
Q

Medulla

A
48
Q

Method of Loci

A
49
Q

Mood-Congruent Memory

A
50
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Provides insulation and increases the speed of the traveling message or impulse

51
Q

Naturalistic Observations

A

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate of control the situation.

52
Q

Neurotransmitter

A
53
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual
Information

54
Q

Operational Definition

A

A statement of procedures used to define research variables.

55
Q

Overconfidence Bias

A

People often assume they know more than they do.

56
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Processes
Bodily Information

57
Q

PET Scan

A
58
Q

Placebo

A
59
Q

Proactive Interference

A

Proactive interference occurs when previous learning decreases your ability to remember more recently learned material.

For example, proactive interference occurs if you can’t remember the name of the new assistant principal because all
you can think of is the name of the former assistant principal.

60
Q

Random Sample

A

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

61
Q

Recall

A

How one accesses memories

62
Q

Recognition

A
63
Q

Replication

A

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and circumstances.

64
Q

Repression

A

Sigmund Freud argued that painful memories are self-censored and stored in the unconscious mind.

65
Q

Retrieval

A

Recalling a memory

66
Q

Retrieval Failure

A

Retrieval failure occurs when
established associations conflict
with what we are trying to recall.

67
Q

Retroactive Interference

A

Retroactive interference occurs when recently learned material decreases your ability to remember older material.
For example, retroactive interference occurs if you can’t remember the team that won last year’s World Series because all you can think of is the team that won the Series this year.

68
Q

Schema

A

A mental map or mental representation of
an idea—made up of associations and connections

▪ Schemas organize knowledge
▪ Knowledge is stored in memories
▪ Schemas access the memories

69
Q

Six Basic Emotions

A

Fear
Suprise
Anger
Disgust
Happiness
Sadness

70
Q

Sperry’s Split Brain Research

A
71
Q

State-Dependent Memory

A

Improved retrieval of material when one is in the same mental, emotional, or drug-induced state that was present when the material was originally
learned.

72
Q

Survey

A

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.

73
Q

Synaptic Gap

A
74
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory
Information

75
Q

Thalamus

A

Processes and integrates sensory information; relays sensory information to cerebral cortext

76
Q

Theory

A

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.

77
Q

Twin Studies

A

Use correlational research to establish a genetic argument for the origin of human behavior through the study of twins and their behaviors.

78
Q

Two Factor Theory

A

Emotion is the result of the interaction between physiological arousal and the cognitive label we use to explain our stirred up state.

79
Q

Wernick’s Area

A

Proteins and Protein Synthesis Quiz Study Guide (9 decks)

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