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Proteins and Protein Synthesis Quiz Study Guide > IB Psych Final > Flashcards

IB Psych Final Flashcards

1
Q

Adoption Studies

A

Adoption studies tend to compare the
adopted child with the biological
mother and the adoptive mother to
determine which has the higher
concordance rate for a given behavior.

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2
Q

Amygdala

A

Involved in memory and emotion, especially fear and anger

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3
Q

Axon

A

Carries the message to a nearby neuron or to a mucsule or gland

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4
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Where nerve impulses are transmitted to the dendrites of other neurons

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5
Q

Broca’s Area

A
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6
Q

Capacity of Short Term Memory

A

Capacity of short-term memory
▪ 7 items +2 or – 2
▪ Can be increased if it is organized into chunks of meaningful or well-practiced information.

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7
Q

Case Study

A

An observation technique in which one person is studied in the hope of revealing universal principles.

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8
Q

Cell Body

A
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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Cordinates movements, balance, and posture

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10
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Those members of a species
who have characteristics which
are better suited to the
environment will be more likely
to survive, breed and thus pass
on these traits.

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11
Q

Classification of Emotions

A

Classified by two dimensions:
- The degree to which the emotion is pleasant or unpleasant
- The level of activation- or arousal associated with the emotion

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12
Q

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

A

The most important aspect of an experience is your cognative interpretation. Emotions result from the personal meaning of events and experiences.

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13
Q

Components of an Emotion

A

Physiological Changes: Such as arousal of the autonomic neurvous system and the endocrine system that are not conscious
Subjective Feelings: Of an enotion in the person
Associated Behavior: Such as smiling or running away

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14
Q

Constructive Nature of Memory

A

We Piece together memories
by fitting them to a meaningful plan or organization.
This accounts for much of the inaccuracy of our recollections. We fill in gaps with assumptions because we are
uncomfortable with the gaps. Once we’ve done this, distinguishing what actually happened from what we filled in is almost impossible.

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15
Q

Context Effects

A

You recall more accurately in the same situation
where the event originally took place.
Similar contexts may trigger feelings of deja vu.

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16
Q

Control

A

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment.

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17
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

It is divided into two hemispheres which are joined by the Corpus Callosum.

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18
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

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19
Q

Dendrite

A

Transmit messages from other neurons to the cell body

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20
Q

Dependant Variable

A

the behavior or mental process – that is being measured.

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21
Q

Donder’s Task

A
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22
Q

Double Blind Procedure

A

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or the placebo.

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23
Q

Duration of Sensory Memory

A

Duration: 3 - 4 seconds

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24
Q

Duration of Short Term Memory

A

Duration: 18 – 30 seconds

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25
Echoic
The Auditory Sensory Register maintains the sounds we have heard for about 3 or 4 seconds after the stimulus; this kind of memory is called echoic.
26
Elizabeth Loftus and her research
▪ AIM: To Test if leading questions can influence accuracy of recall ▪ Procedure: 1. Showed participants a film of an accident 2. Changed one word in certain critical questions to see if it influenced speed estimates 3. About how fast were the cars going when they ____ each other? Results: Use of the different word activated different schemas in memory
27
Encoding
Coding by forming associations between new information and information already stored.
28
Encoding Failure
Sometimes we “forget” because the info is never encoded into LTM
29
Evolutionary Perspective
Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviors reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce.
30
Evolutionary Psychology
The study of behavior, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology.
31
Evolutionary Psychology Criticism
* Confirmation bias is possible where the research see what they expect to see. This is true because some theories are difficult to test empirically. * We don’t really know what the behavior of early Homo Sapiens was. * The evidence often underestimates the role of cultural influences.
32
Explicit Memory
Memories are those of which one is consciously aware. Example: I may have an explicit memory of playing a particular golf course.
33
Frontal Lobe
Voluntary muscle movement, thinking, planning, emotional control
34
Goals of Psychology
* Describe * Explain * Predict * Control
35
H.M. Case Study
36
Hindsight Bias
Finding out that something has happened makes it seem inevitable.
37
Hippocampus
Involved in forming new memories
38
Hypothalamus
Links brain and endocrine system; regulates hunger, thrist, sleep, and sexual behavior.
39
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
40
Iconic
▪Maintains an image of what we have seen for a few tenths of a second after the stimulus has appeared. This kind of memory is called iconic. ▪Original research in this area involved the partial report technique developed by George Sperling in the early 1960s to test subjects' recall of letters presented in a matrix.
41
Internal Validity
The extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study.
42
Illusory Correlation
Perception of a relationship where none exists.
43
Implicit Memory
Memories are those of which one is not conscious. Example: One may have implicit memories of how to tie one's shoe but not be able to describe to another how to do it.
44
Independant Veriable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
45
James-Lange Theory
Physiological feedback causes emotion
46
Left and Right Brain Specialization
Most people are left-hemisphere dominant for speech and right hemisphere dominant for visual- spatial tasks. Although the hemispheres display some specialized abilities, many functions are symmetrical and performed the same way in both hemispheres.
47
Medulla
48
Method of Loci
49
Mood-Congruent Memory
50
Myelin Sheath
Provides insulation and increases the speed of the traveling message or impulse
51
Naturalistic Observations
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate of control the situation.
52
Neurotransmitter
53
Occipital Lobe
Visual Information
54
Operational Definition
A statement of procedures used to define research variables.
55
Overconfidence Bias
People often assume they know more than they do.
56
Parietal Lobe
Processes Bodily Information
57
PET Scan
58
Placebo
59
Proactive Interference
Proactive interference occurs when previous learning decreases your ability to remember more recently learned material. For example, proactive interference occurs if you can't remember the name of the new assistant principal because all you can think of is the name of the former assistant principal.
60
Random Sample
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
61
Recall
How one accesses memories
62
Recognition
63
Replication
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and circumstances.
64
Repression
Sigmund Freud argued that painful memories are self-censored and stored in the unconscious mind.
65
Retrieval
Recalling a memory
66
Retrieval Failure
Retrieval failure occurs when established associations conflict with what we are trying to recall.
67
Retroactive Interference
Retroactive interference occurs when recently learned material decreases your ability to remember older material. For example, retroactive interference occurs if you can't remember the team that won last year's World Series because all you can think of is the team that won the Series this year.
68
Schema
A mental map or mental representation of an idea—made up of associations and connections ▪ Schemas organize knowledge ▪ Knowledge is stored in memories ▪ Schemas access the memories
69
Six Basic Emotions
Fear Suprise Anger Disgust Happiness Sadness
70
Sperry's Split Brain Research
71
State-Dependent Memory
Improved retrieval of material when one is in the same mental, emotional, or drug-induced state that was present when the material was originally learned.
72
Survey
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.
73
Synaptic Gap
74
Temporal Lobe
Auditory Information
75
Thalamus
Processes and integrates sensory information; relays sensory information to cerebral cortext
76
Theory
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.
77
Twin Studies
Use correlational research to establish a genetic argument for the origin of human behavior through the study of twins and their behaviors.
78
Two Factor Theory
Emotion is the result of the interaction between physiological arousal and the cognitive label we use to explain our stirred up state.
79
Wernick's Area

Proteins and Protein Synthesis Quiz Study Guide (9 decks)

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