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English HL lit/lang IB > IB Language and Literature Paper 1 Terms > Flashcards

IB Language and Literature Paper 1 Terms Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What does an advertisement aim to do?

A

Persuade.

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2
Q

Problem and benefit

A

appealing to the desires of its readers.

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3
Q

Image

A

images often tell visual narratives, or employ tactics such as ‘shock value’ or ‘sex sells.’

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4
Q

Slogan

A

Slogans should be short, catchy, memorable and should have a relationship with the image;

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5
Q

Anchoring

A

When the slogan has a relationship with an image.

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6
Q

Copy

A

The big paragraph related to the image.

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7
Q

Association in Advertisements

A

Selling values with the products usually done with symbolism and projecting,

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8
Q

Testimonial

A

satisfied quotations of customers who already used the product and are delighted with their purchase.

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9
Q

Celebrity Testimonial.

A

satisfied quotations of celebrities who already used the product and are delighted with their purchase.

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10
Q

Advertising claims

A

weasel words, scientific claims, vague language, or bandwagon claims

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11
Q

jargon

A

sounds impressive, but doesn’t communicate meaning.

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12
Q

weasel words

A

words or phrases used to avoid being forthright. e.g. a bit/likely

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13
Q

Charity Appeals aim to…

A

Persuade you into action or donation

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14
Q

Pathos

A

appealing to emotions such as anger, pity, guilt, sympathy, and so on, charity adverts make it more likely that you will want to respond.

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15
Q

Hard Hitting

A

hard-hitting shock tactics to spur the reader of this text type into action.

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16
Q

Credibility

A

trustworthy = Look for information that suggests your donations will make a positive change, perhaps in the form of facts and statistics.

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17
Q

Metonymy in Charity Appeals

A

introduce you to a single individual who represents all those who your donation goes towards helping

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18
Q

Direct Address

A

charity ads will often address the reader with the word ‘you’, striving to make a strong connection.

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19
Q

Visual Direct Address

A

a person in the advert is making eye contact with you

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20
Q

Recruitment campaigns aim to…

A

to encourage people to support a cause.

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21
Q

imperatives

A

You should! You must!

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22
Q

Visuals

A

can be wholly visual, but likely to have some accompanying text (multi-modal).

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23
Q

Typography

A

Fonts, capitalisation, size, colour etc.

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24
Q

Card-stacking

A

Ignoring parts of the argument that don’t fit your agenda

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25
Q

Simplification

A

reduce complex issues to simple solutions.

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26
Q

Stereotypes

A

Widely held simplification.

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27
Q

Exaggeration

A

Hyperbolising and idea.

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28
Q

distortion

A

the action of giving a misleading account or impression.

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29
Q

subjectivity

A

the quality of being based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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30
Q

fabrication

A

the action or process of manufacturing or inventing something.

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30
Q

Symbolism

A

elements of the text will connote concepts that are integral to the writer’s message.

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31
Q

Ethos

A

the speaker establishes his or her credibility and may allude to a moral, social or spiritual leader with whom the audience cannot disagree.

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32
Q

Logos

A

clear, reasonable arguments, facts and statistics and quoting experts in the field

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33
Q

What do speeches aim to achieve?

A

Persuasion.

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34
Q

Modality

A

modal verbs are small but important words (such as ‘must’, ‘need’, ‘should’, ‘might,’ and so on) that reveal the speaker’s degree of certainty and strength of feeling.

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35
Q

glittering generalisations

A

words to trick us into accepting and approving of things without examining the evidence carefully.

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36
Q

slippery slope

A

The slippery slope fallacy works by creating an assumed relationship between two or more events.

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37
Q

Example of slippery slope

A

e.g. that building new cell phone towers will disorient birds,

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38
Q

Opinion columns aim to…

A

persuade but not always.

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39
Q

Perspective

A

viewpoint

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40
Q

Solid Arguments

A

open your eyes to the reality of an issue, providing facts, statistics and information to help convince you of the writer’s viewpoint.

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41
Q

Assertion

A

presents an opinion as if it were a fact.

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42
Q

Anecdotes

A

a small story from his or her personal experience in order to demonstrate a thoughtful approach to the topic at hand.

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43
Q

Structure in opinion columns.

A

suspense and the opinion is often obvious from the title or first few lines of the article. The rest of the article should support or develop the writer’s point in a number of ways. The ending should be strong and certain, perhaps reiterating the writer’s position.

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44
Q

Register and tone in opinion columns

A

Opinion pieces are often formal,
irreverent tone, be passionate, conversational, friendly, challenging, even sarcastic depending on the tactics used to convince you of a particular opinion.

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45
Q

irreverent tone

A

lacking proper respect or seriousness

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46
Q

Concession

A

acknowledgement that the writer’s opinion is flawed in some way.

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46
Q

Concession

A

acknowledgement that the writer’s opinion is flawed in some way.

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47
Q

Comic strip purpose.

A

humorous; their primary purpose is to entertain. Nevertheless the strip may make a serious point about a local or global issue.

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48
Q

Comic strips are arranged in…

A

Panels

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49
Q

Comic strips are arranged…

A

Linear

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50
Q

The white space between the panels is.

A

Gutters

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51
Q

Exposition

A

text that tells the story is presented as captions.

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52
Q

Speech and thought bubbles

A

read the internal and external dialogue of the characters.

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53
Q

Spatial Mechanics

A

the use of space within and between each frame.

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54
Q

Temporal Mechanics

A

time can be slowed down, sped up or stopped.

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55
Q

Artistic Style

A

Are the pictures crisp, heavy, weighty, light, cartoony, realistic, bright, dark?
What material?

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56
Q

Graphic weight

A

shading and contrast

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57
Q

Saturation

A

brightness

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58
Q

Emanata

A

items such as dots, lines, exclamation marks or onomatopoeia that depict action, emotion or sound.

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58
Q

Emanata

A

items such as dots, lines, exclamation marks or onomatopoeia that depict action, emotion or sound.

59
Q

Cartoonification

A

Simplified

60
Q

Photorealistic

A

lifelike

61
Q

Punchline

A

the joke is revealed in the last panel.

61
Q

Satirical Cartoons

A

use hum

62
Q

irony

A

meaning when one’s actions contradict one’s words = saying one thing but doing another.

63
Q

Political cartoons

A

use political events

64
Q

editorial cartoons

A

Use political and or other events

65
Q

Caricature

A

people are simplified, exaggerated or distorted for effect

66
Q

Synecdoche

A

whereby a part of something is made to stand for the whole.

67
Q

labelled

A

Sometimes items are labelled in the text to help the reader make associations.

68
Q

Allusion

A

refer to historical or political events outside the text.

69
Q

Tone in satirical cartoons

A

scathing, sarcastic, pointed, or critical

70
Q

Headline

A

bold text that reveals the topic of the article and should provide a hook for the reader.

71
Q

Layout in magazine articles

A

look out for box-outs, bullet points, ears and other kinds of layout features.

72
Q

Box outs

A

square-shaped design element that contains text or graphics separate from the main body of text or graphics on the page

73
Q

Sidebar

A

a short article in a newspaper or magazine placed alongside a main article and containing additional or explanatory material.

74
Q

Bullet points

A

Short phrases attached with a dot

75
Q

Entertainment

A

Information may be displayed in an appealing way,

76
Q

Pull Quotes

A

text that is pulled from the text—that is, duplicated—and presented on the page as an attention-grabbing visual element

77
Q

Sub headings

A

Bold text that reveals the topic of next section

78
Q

Buzzwords

A

words that are popular at the time of publication.

79
Q

Interactive Features

A

embedded videos, hyperlinks and tabs.

80
Q

Embedded interviews

A

experts on or participants in the topic at hand are often interviewed and quotations are used throughout the article.

81
Q

Question-Answer

A

presents the questions asked and responses using quotations (direct speech).

82
Q

Register in interviews

A

Like speech = Look out for colloquialisms, idioms, contractions and even jokes.

83
Q

Quotation in interviews

A

a mixture of direct quotation and indirect free speech.

84
Q

Topics

A

leading questions to take the conversation in a particular direction.

85
Q

Them and us

A

he text creates a divide between celebrities and ‘us’, the reader, or represents the interviewee as special in some way.

86
Q

Viewpoint

A

blogs normally represent the interests and opinions of an individual, so are normally first person.

87
Q

Purpose of blogs

A

Inform readers about area of interest
Discuss and event or issue
Diary = reflecting on an experience

88
Q

Diction

A

specialist vocabulary or use technical terms.

89
Q

Structure in blogs

A

chronological and linear structures with subheadings, clear connectives or other features helping organise the text.

90
Q

Neutral language in information texts

A

the register should be formal or semi-formal, the language accessible and the tone neutral.

91
Q

Linear Layout

A

use box-outs, lists, bullet points, page dividers and other organisational features to help guide you step-by-step through the text.

92
Q

Non linear layout

A

Non conventional layout

93
Q

Facts and Statistics

A

percentages; graphs; charts or numbers. Look for credible sources that are cited.

94
Q

General Information

A

General information

95
Q

Specific detail

A

Specific detail

96
Q

Audience of an infographic

A

reach as wide an audience as possible. As always look out for technical language that might indicate a niche audience.

97
Q

summary

A

overall simplification of an area

98
Q

Icons

A

Icons are simplified images that symbolise certain ideas from the text.

99
Q

snippets

A

brief chunks of text

100
Q

Structure of infographics

A

ittle visual narratives that tell a simple story, so look out for structural elements that help you decode the sequence of events.

101
Q

Design features of infographics

A

Colour, typography, font and other design features

102
Q

Diction in scientific articles

A

writing about science and nature will involve using a specialist vocabulary of technical and precise terms

103
Q

Comparisons

A

some scientific concepts are quite abstract or complex, so writers of scientific articles might use similes and comparisons to make them easier for a wider readership to visualise.

104
Q

Linear Structure in scientific articles

A

A text might provide a timeline or historical overview. Boxouts, summaries, explainers, glossaries can all help communicate complicated ideas.

105
Q

Glossaries

A

Mini dictionary often at end

106
Q

Masthead

A

a strip across the top of a newspaper front page containing the name of the newspaper, the date of publication and the price.

107
Q

Slammer

A

A two-part headline that uses a bold word or phrase to lead into the main headline.

108
Q

Pun

A

Play on words

109
Q

Alliteration

A

same starting letter for words

110
Q

Elliptical Headlines

A

only include the keywords

111
Q

Jump headline

A

the headline printed over the continued portion of a story in a newspaper, magazine, etc., usually condensed from the main headline.

112
Q

Bias/Emotional imagery

A

pictures of people’s faces, which reveal emotion and create bias.

113
Q

Selection Bias

A

the choice of what content to include and what to exclude

114
Q

Name calling

A

the use of offensive names especially to win an argument or to induce rejection or condemnation (as of a person or project) without objective consideration of the facts.

115
Q

News reports often use figurative language like…

A

metaphor,
simile,
hyperbole,
sensationalism,
and exaggeration,

116
Q

sensationalism

A

the presentation of stories in a way that is intended to provoke public interest or excitement, at the expense of accuracy.

117
Q

Modifiers

A

the function of adjectives and adverbs are to describe.

118
Q

Descriptive passages

A

Non fiction writers usually to explain something.

119
Q

sensory images

A

images that evoke the senses

120
Q

tactile images

A

of or connected with the sense of touch.

121
Q

kinaesthetic

A

person’s awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body

122
Q

olfactory

A

(the sense of smell

123
Q

Structure in diaries

A

chronological.

124
Q

Flashbacks

A

when the writer begins at the end, then goes back to explore how and why an event happened.

125
Q

caustic

A

Sarcastic and bitter

126
Q

scathing

A

Scornful or critical

127
Q

Colloquialism

A

Figures of speech

128
Q

Name and Address

A

formal letters are posted to the recipient, so give information allowing the receiver to reply.

128
Q

Common Purpose of letters

A

to complain,
to seek advice,
to connect with a loved one
even to pass gossip

129
Q

Salutation

A

Dear…’ or even ‘To whom this may concern…’ to a quick ‘Hi…’

130
Q

Sign off

A

How they end the letter

131
Q

Structure of travel writing

A

chronological with sub headings, dates to help guide the reader.

132
Q

Architectural information

A

Information about buildings

133
Q

Geographical information

A

Information about geography

134
Q

Common Visuals in travel writing

A

photographs, maps, or floor plans of famous locations are all visual features

135
Q

guidebooks

A

a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists

136
Q

Advisory texts tone

A

Authoritative

137
Q

The imperative tense

A

the position of the verb at or near the start of the sentence.

138
Q

cause-and-effect

A

if you do this what will happen

139
Q

step-by-step guides

A

easy to follow instructions

140
Q

Allegory

A

characters and objects often stand for things greater than themselves.

141
Q

Diction in children stories

A

easy language and vocab

142
Q

synonyms

A

near words

143
Q

Fable

A

anthropomorphises animals with a lesson at the end

144
Q

anthropomorphises

A

makes non human things human

145
Q

Didactic

A

lesson or moral

146
Q

Didactic

A

lesson or moral

English HL lit/lang IB (2 decks)

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