IB English Vocab Flashcards
Anthropocene
The current geological age, viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment.
Colonialism
The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting its resources for economic gain.
Decolonization
The process of undoing the effects of colonialism and establishing political and economic independence for formerly colonized nations.
Diaspora
The dispersion or spread of people from their original homeland or ethnic group, often due to forced migration or voluntary movement.
Ecological footprint
The impact of a person, community, or organization on the environment, measured by the amount of resources consumed and waste generated.
Ethnography
The systematic study and description of human cultures and societies, often based on fieldwork and participant observation.
Globalization
The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures around the world.
Hegemony
Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
Indigenous
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
Intersectionality
The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, which create overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
Neocolonialism
The continued economic, political, or cultural influence of former colonial powers over formerly colonized nations, often through indirect means.
Postcolonialism
A theoretical approach that examines the legacy and effects of colonialism on societies, cultures, and identities, particularly in the context of formerly colonized nations.
Subaltern
A person or group of people who are socially, politically, or economically marginalized or oppressed within a society.
Transnational
Extending or operating across national boundaries; involving or relating to more than one nation or country.
Acculturation
The process of cultural exchange and adaptation that occurs when different cultures come into contact with one another, often resulting in changes to both cultures.
Climate change
Long-term shifts in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.
Cultural relativism
The principle that an individual’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood and interpreted in the context of their own culture, rather than judged against the standards of another culture
Development
The process of economic, social, and political progress that leads to improved living standards, infrastructure, and quality of life within a society.
Environmental justice
The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or income, in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
Genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.
. Human rights
Rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, or any other status, including the rights to life, liberty, and security of person.
Imperialism
policy or practice of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, military conquest, or economic domination.
Inequality
The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, or privileges within a society, often resulting in disparities in income, wealth, education, and social status.
Migration
The movement of people from one place to another, often for economic, social, or political reasons.
Multiculturalism
The coexistence of diverse cultures, ethnicities, and identities within a single society, often accompanied by policies that promote tolerance, respect, and appreciation for cultural diversity.
Nationalism
strong sense of loyalty, pride, and devotion to one’s nation or country, often characterized by the belief in the superiority of one’s own culture or ethnicity.
Non-governmental organization (NGO)
A private organization that operates independently of government control and is typically dedicated to addressing social, environmental, or humanitarian issues.
Outsourcing
a business practice in which a company hires a third party to perform tasks, handle operations or provide services for the company.
Refugee
A person who has been forced to flee their home country due to persecution, war, or violence, and who is unable or unwilling to return due to fear of persecution
Social justice
The principle of fair and equitable distribution of wealth, opportunities, and resources within a society, with a focus on addressing systemic inequalities and promoting human rights.
Sustainability
The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often applied in the context of environmental conservation and resource management.
Transculturation
The process of cultural exchange and interaction that occurs when different cultures come into contact with one another, leading to mutual influence, adaptation, and hybridization.
Assimilation
The process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural norms, values, and practices of a dominant or host society, often leading to the loss or suppression of their own cultural identity.
Capitalism
an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, market-based competition, and the pursuit of profit.
Community development
The process of empowering and mobilizing communities to identify and address their own needs and priorities, often through grassroots organizing and collective action.
Cultural appropriation
the unauthorized or inappropriate adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without proper understanding or respect for their significance.
Dependency theory
A theory that argues that the economic development of less-developed countries is hindered by their reliance on more developed countries for resources, markets, and investment, perpetuating a cycle of underdevelopment and dependence.
Environmentalism
A social and political movement dedicated to protecting and preserving the natural environment, often through advocacy, activism, and policy initiatives.
Global citizenship
A sense of belonging and responsibility to the global community, with a commitment to promoting justice, equality, and sustainability on a global scale.
Humanitarianism
The belief in the value and dignity of every human being, coupled with a commitment to alleviating suffering and promoting human welfare and rights, particularly in times of crisis or emergency.
Intersectional feminism
A feminist approach that recognizes and addresses the interconnected nature of social identities such as gender, race, class, sexuality, and ability, and the ways in which they intersect and interact to shape experiences of oppression and privilege.
Neo-liberalism
A political and economic ideology that emphasizes free-market capitalism, limited government intervention, privatization, deregulation, and globalization.
Postmodernism
A cultural and intellectual movement characterized by skepticism, relativism, and a rejection of grand narratives and universal truths, often associated with the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Structuralism
A theoretical approach that analyzes the underlying structures and systems that shape society, culture, and language, emphasizing the interplay between individual agency and social forces.
Third World
A term historically used to refer to less-developed or economically disadvantaged countries, particularly those in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Urbanization
The process of population growth and expansion of cities and urban areas, often accompanied by social, economic, and environmental changes.
Westernization
The adoption or influence of Western cultural, social, and political norms, values, and practices by non-Western societies, often as a result of colonialism, globalization, or cultural exchange.
Xenophobia
Prejudice, discrimination, or hostility towards people from other countries or cultures, often based on fear or distrust of the unfamiliar or unknown.
Cultural hegemony
The dominance or leadership of one culture, ideology, or worldview over others, achieved through the dissemination of its values, beliefs, and norms as universal or natural.
Sustainable development:
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.
Ambivalent
Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.
ex: I AM having mixed feelings about BI anca
Cogent
Convincing or compelling, usually in argumentation or persuasion
Efficacious
Effective in producing a desired or intended result; successful.
Esoteric
Intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest.
Exacerbate
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse
ex: my EX made our breakup worse
Facetious
Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant.
Gregarious
Fond of company; sociable.
Iconoclast
A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs or institutions.
Idiosyncratic
Peculiar or individualistic; relating to a characteristic or habit peculiar to an individual.
Magnanimous
Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful than oneself.
Myriad
A countless or extremely great number.
Nuance
A subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound
Ostracize
Exclude someone from a society or group.
Panacea
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Paradigm
A typical example or pattern of something; a model.
Paradoxical
Seemingly absurd or self-contradictory, yet often expressing a possible truth.
Pedantic
caring for minor details which is annoying bc ur showing off ur smartness
Pragmatic
Dealing with things PRActical and realistically instead of theoretical considerations.
Prosaic
Lacking poetic beauty; commonplace; unromantic.
Quixotic
unrealistic ideas
Salient
Most noticeable or important; prominent.
Sanguine
Optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
Serendipity
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Soporific
Tending to induce drowsiness or sleep.
Superfluous
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Taciturn
Reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little.
Ubiquitous
Present, appearing, or found everywhere
Verbose
Using or expressed in more words than are needed.
Vicarious
Experienced in the imagination through the feelings or actions of another person
ex: happy when something good happens to someone else
Zealot
a person who is overly enthusiastic about their beliefs
Ex: ZEd has A LOT of enthusiasm about his zombie beliefs
Altruistic
Showing a selfless concern for the well-being of others; unselfish.
Anomaly
Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.
Convoluted
Extremely complex and difficult to follow.
Disparity
A great difference or inequality.
Equanimity
mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.
ex: turkish QUANdale dingle was calm during bad situation (tik tok rizz party recognizations)
Exonerate
Absolve someone from blame for a fault or wrongdoing, especially after due consideration of the case.
Indictment
A formal charge or accusation of a serious crime.
Mercurial
Subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind.
Ostentatious
showing off wealth/luxury to impress others
Pernicious
Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Precarious
Not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse.
ex: CARe for ur stuff bc it is not securly held in position
Prolific
Producing in large quantities or with great frequency.
Reticent
Not revealing one’s thoughts or feelings readily.
Tenacious
Tending to keep a firm hold of something; clinging or adhering closely.
Veracity
Conformity to facts; accuracy; habitual truthfulness.
Visceral
Relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect.
ex: VIc has inward feelings
Malaise
A general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify.
Juxtaposition
The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with a contrasting effect.
Espouse
adopt or support (a cause, belief, or way of life).
Disseminate
Spread or disperse widely.
