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IB Biology > IB Biology: Level 4 - Eukaryotic Cells 1.2,1.4, and 1.5 > Flashcards

IB Biology: Level 4 - Eukaryotic Cells 1.2,1.4, and 1.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of a Prokaryotic cell

A
  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Nucleoid
  3. Plasmids
  4. Ribosomes (70S)
  5. Cell membrane
  6. Cell wall
  7. Slime capsule
  8. Flagella
  9. Pili
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2
Q

Features of a Eukaryotic cell

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. lysosome
  3. Golgi apparatus
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Ribosomes (80S)
  6. Nucleus
  7. Nucleolus
  8. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
  9. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
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3
Q

State the structure and function of Ribosomes (universal organelle)

A

STRUCTURE: Made up of 2 subunits of RNA and protein; larger in eukaryotes (80S) than prokaryotes (70S).FUNCTION: It is the site of polypeptide synthesis (also called translation)

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4
Q

State the structure and function of the Plasma membrane (universal organelle)

A

STRUCTURE: Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteinsFUNCTION: Semi-permeable and selective barrier surrounding the cell

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5
Q

State the structure and function of the Nucleus (eukaryotic organelle)

A

STRUCTURE: Double membrane structure with pores, contains an inner region called a nucleolusFUNCTION: Stores genetic material (DNA) as chromatin; nucleolus is site of ribosome assembly

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6
Q

State the structure and function of Endoplasmic Reticulum (eukaryotic organelle)

A

STRUCTURE: A membrane network that may be bare (smooth ER) or studded with ribosomes (rough ER)FUNCTION: Transports materials between organelles (smooth ER = lipids; rough ER = proteins)

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7
Q

State the structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus (eukaryotic organelle)

A

STRUCTURE: An assembly of vesicles and folded membranes located near the cell membraneFUNCTION: Involved in the sorting, storing, modification and export of secretory products

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8
Q

State the structure and function of the Mitochondrion (eukaryotic organelle)

A

STRUCTURE: Double membrane structure, inner membrane highly folded into internal cristaeFUNCTION: Site of aerobic respiration (ATP production)

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9
Q

State the structure and function of the Chloroplast (eukaryotic organelle/plant cells only)

A

STRUCTURE: Double membrane with internal stacks of membranous disks (thylakoids)FUNCTION: Site of photosynthesis - manufactured organic molecules are stored in various plastids

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10
Q

State the structure and function of a Vacuole (eukaryotic organelle/plant cells only)

A

STRUCTURE: Fluid-filled internal cavity surrounded by a membrane (tonoplast)FUNCTION: Maintains hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

State the structure and function of the Cell Wall (eukaryotic organelle/plant cells only)

A

STRUCTURE: External outer covering made of celluloseFUNCTION: Provides support and mechanical strength; prevents excess water uptake

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12
Q

State the structure and function of the Lysosome (eukaryotic organelle/animal cells)

A

STRUCTURE: Membranes sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymesFUNCTION: Breakdown/hydrolysis of macromolecules

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13
Q

Cell

A

the basic unit of structure and function in living things

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14
Q

Cell theory

A

a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

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15
Q

Unicellular

A

made of a single cell

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16
Q

Multicellular

A

consisting of many cells

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17
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells that perform the same function

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18
Q

Organ

A

a structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue

19
Q

Organ System

A

a group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body

20
Q

Organelle

A

a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

21
Q

Cell Wall

A

a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

22
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

a protein “framework” inside a cell that gives the cell a shape

23
Q

Cell Membrane

A

the outside cell boundary that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

24
Q

Nucleus

A

the control center of a eukaryotic cell that directs the cell’s activities and contains the information that determines the cell’s form and function

25
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the material within a cell apart from the nucleus

26
Q

Mitochondria

A

rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions

27
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

a cell structure that forms passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried through the cell

28
Q

Ribosome

A

a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made

29
Q

Golgi body

A

a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell

30
Q

Chloroplast

A

a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food

31
Q

Vacuole

A

a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area

32
Q

Lysosome

A

a small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones

33
Q

Element

A

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

34
Q

Compound

A

two or more elements that are chemically combined

35
Q

Carbohydrate

A

an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

36
Q

Protein

A

large, organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

37
Q

Amino Acid

A

a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins

38
Q

Enzyme

A

a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing

39
Q

Lipid

A

energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

40
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life

41
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

42
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins

43
Q

Selectively permeable

A

a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

IB Biology (9 decks)

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