IB Biology: Level 3 - Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells 1.2

Question 1

70S

Answer 1

the size of prokaryotic ribosomes.

Question 2

80S

Answer 2

the size of eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

a domain of prokaryotes.

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

a domain of prokaryotes.

Question 5

Binary fission

Answer 5

method of prokaryotic cell division.

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

non-living carbohydrate-based extracellular material.

Question 7

Compartmentalization

Answer 7

seen in eukaryotes; consequence of organelles being membrane-bound.

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

site of synthesis of proteins destined for export or for secretion.

Question 9

Eukaryote

Answer 9

organisms with membrane-bound nuclei.

Question 10

Exocrine glands

Answer 10

glands that secrete their products into ducts.

Question 11

Extracellular matrix

Answer 11

a network of material that is secreted by cells that serves to support, strengthen, and organize cells.

Question 12

Flagellum

Answer 12

a relatively long extension of the cell used in locomotion.

Question 13

Golgi body

Answer 13

a eukaryotic organelle that modifies proteins after translation.

Question 14

Histone

Answer 14

a protein associated with DNA that plays a role in gene expression and the packing of DNA.

Question 15

Lysosome

Answer 15

a cellular organelle involved in cellular digestion.

Question 16

Naked DNA

Answer 16

DNA not associated with histones or histone-like proteins.

Question 17

Nucleoid

Answer 17

a region of the prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes that contains DNA; it is the site of replication and transcription.

Question 19

Organelle

Answer 19

a sub-cellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with a distinct structure and function.

Question 20

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 20

photosynthetic tissue below the epidermis in a leaf.

Question 21

Pilli

Answer 21

extensions of the prokaryotic cell surface membrane used for reproduction.

Question 22

Plasmid

Answer 22

extra-chromosomal DNA in a prokaryote.

Question 23

Prokaryote

Answer 23

category of a cell without a membrane-bound nucleus: archaea and bacteria.

Question 24

rER

Answer 24

rough ER - ER with ribosomes attached.

Question 25

Resolution

Answer 25

the ability to see adjacent objects or structures as distinct from each other.

Question 26

Ribosome

Answer 26

organelle involved in protein synthesis.

Question 27

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 27

an electron microscope that generates a three-dimensional image.

Question 28

sER

Answer 28

endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes new membrane and does not have ribosomes attached.

Question 29

Svedberg unit

Answer 29

unit of molecule size based on the position that material settles out in a centrifuge tube after spinning. Larger particles tend to settle out faster and so have higher Svedberg values.

Question 30

Transmission electron microscope

Answer 30

an electron microscope that produces two-dimensional images.

Question 31

Ultrastructure

Answer 31

the detailed structure of a biological entity.