IB BIO TOPIC 3.2 : CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS & LIPIDS Flashcards

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1
Q

Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds (°3)

A
  1. Compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms are regarded as organic.
  2. Exceptions :

Carbonates (ex. CaCO3)

Hydrogen Carbonates (ex. HCO3)

Oxide of Carbon (ex. CO, CO2)

  1. All other compounds are regarded as Inorganic.
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2
Q

Amino Acid Structure

A
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3
Q

Glucose Structure

A
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4
Q

Ribose structure

A
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5
Q

Fatty Acid

A
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6
Q

Give 3 exemples of monosaccharides

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
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7
Q

Give 3 exemples of disaccharides

A
  1. Sucrose
  2. Maltose
  3. Lactose
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8
Q

Give 3 exemples of polysaccharides

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Glycogen
  3. Starch
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9
Q

Mono : Glucose + Glucose =

A

Di : Maltose

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10
Q

Mono : Galactose + Glucose =

A

Di : Lactose

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11
Q

Mono : Glucose + Fructose =

A

Di : Sucrose

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12
Q

List the function of glucose in animals

A

Monosaccharide : major energy source for fueling cellular respiration

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13
Q

List the function of lactose in animals :

A

Disaccharide : Energy source found in mammalian milk.

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14
Q

List the function of glycogen in animals

A

Polysaccharide : Energy storage in liver.

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15
Q

List the function of Fructose in plants

A

Monosaccharide : Energy component in flower nectar.

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16
Q

List the function of Sucrose in plants

A

Disaccharide : Energy molecule transported via phloem.

17
Q

List the function of cellulose in plants

A

Polysaccharide : Major structural component of plant wall cell.

18
Q

Ouline 3 roles of condensation synthesis

A
19
Q

Outline 3 roles of Hydrolysis

A
  1. Polymers breoken down (= catabolized) into monomers (as in digestion)
  2. With H2O used as a source of -H and a - OH group
  3. Catalyzed by enzymes.
20
Q

Condensation synthesis =

A

Monomers ANABOLIC ⇒ Polymer

ex. Maltose + Water (Hydrolysis) to form Glucose + Glucose

21
Q

Hydrolysis =

A

Polymers CATABOLIC ⇒ Monomers

ex. Glucose + Glucose (Condensation synthesis) to form Maltose + Water

22
Q

3 ° Condensation synthesis in Fatty acids, Glycerol, Tryglycerides

A
  1. Three separate condensation synthesis reactions
  2. Link three fatty acid monomers to a single glycerol monomer.
  3. Forming one triglyceride molecule and three H2O molecules.
23
Q

Hydrolysis in Fatty acids, Glycerol and Triglycerides

3 facts :

A
  1. A triglyceride is broken down into one glycerol and three fatty molecules.
  2. With three H2O molecules used as a source of -H and a -OH groups.
  3. Catalyzed by enzymes.
24
Q

Condensation synthesis in Amino Acids and polypeptides

A
  1. 2 amino acid monomers are linked to form a dipeptide
  2. Releasing one H2O molecule
  3. Repeated condensation synthesis reactions produce polypeptides (=proteins)
25
Q

Hydrolysis in Amino acids and Polypeptides

A
  1. A polypeptide is broken down into two separate amino acid molecules.
  2. With H2O molecules used as a source of -H and a -OH groups.
  3. Catalyzed by enzymes
26
Q

State the 2 facts in the function of energy source in a lipid :

A
  1. Concentrated long-term energy storage
  2. Which can release fuel for cellular respiration as needed.
27
Q

State 1 facts of the Phospholipid function in a lipid

A
  1. Structural framework of cellular membrane
28
Q

State 1 fact about the function of thermal insulation in a lipid:

A
  1. Hormones = Messenger molecules.
29
Q

Give 2 comparisons of the use of **carbohydrates **in energy storage :

A
  1. Glucose, when in excess, linked together by condensation synthesis to form polysaccharides.
  2. Such as starch, glycogen and chitin.
30
Q

Give 4 facts about the use of starch in energy storage :

A
  1. It is the primary energy storage compund in plants, with alpha-glucose
  2. Forming either as amylose (unbranched chains)
  3. Amylopectin (branched chains)
  4. Long-term storage.
31
Q

Give 4 facts on the use of Glycogen in energy storage :

A
  1. A branched polysaccharide formed from alpha-glucose
  2. Primary energy storage compound in animals.
  3. Found mainly in liver and muscle cells.
  4. Short-term storage
32
Q

LIPIDS : State 3 facts on the use of triglycerides in energy storage :

A
  1. A primary long-term energy storage compound
  2. Containing twice the amount of energy per unit mass or volume as do either carbohydrates or proteins.
  3. Long-term storage
33
Q

LIPIDS : Give 3 facts about the use of C-H bonds in energy storage :

A
  1. Along the length of fatty acids are evry stable
  2. Because the electrons in the C-H bond are equally shared.
  3. Thus, when these bonds are broken, they yield large sums of energy.