I4101 Discuss Items Flashcards
Required Equipment for IMC
NATOPS
- Cyclic force trim system
- MINISTAB flight control system (pitch and roll)
- Main Generator
- Standby Generator
- Battery Protection circuit
- Instantaneous VSI
- Two attitude indicators (one automatically powered by approved standby battery source in the event of power loss)
- One operable communication system
- One operable navigation system appropriate to the route to be flown
- Radar altimeter
- Other equipment as required by the operating rules
CNAF 3701 (5-25)
- Pitot heater and all vacuum pressure or electrical sources for the pilot flight instruments must operate satisfactorily
- Aircraft shall be equipped with the following instruments in proper operating condition:
1. Airspeed indicator
2. Altimeter
3. Turn and slip indicator
4. A clock displaying hours, minutes, and seconds with a sweep second pointer or digital readout
5. Attitude indicator
6. Magnetic compass with current calibration card
7. Heading indicator or gyro stabilized magnetic compass
8. Vertical speed indicator
9. Aircraft shall be equipped with deicing or icing control equipment for sustained or continuous flight in known or forecast icing conditions
10. Navigation lights must operate satisfactorily
FAR part 125 section 205 equipment requirements: airplanes under IFR
No person may operate an airplane under IFR unless it has
A VSI
Free air temperature indicator
Heated pitot tube for each airspeed indicator
Power failure warning device or vacuum indicator to show the power available for gyroscopic instruments from each power source
An alternate source of static pressure for the altimeter and the airspeed and vertical speed indicators
At least 2 generators each of which is on a separate engine, or which any combination of one half of the total number are rated sufficiently to supply the electrical loads of all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operation of the airplane
2 independent sources of energy (which means of selecting either), of which that least an is an engine driven pump or generator, each of which is able to drive all gyroscopic instruments and installed so that failure of one instrument or source does not interfere with the energy supply to the remaining instruments or other energy source. For the purposes of this paragraph, each engine driven source of energy must be on a different engine
For the purposes of paragraph (f) of this section , a continuous inflight electrical load includes one that draws current continuously during flight, such as radio equipment, electrically driven instruments, and lights, but does not include occasional intermittent loads
An airspeed indicating system with heated pitot tube or equivalent means for preventing malfunctioning due to icing
A sensitive altimeter
Instrument lights providing enough light to make each required instrument, switch, ir similar instrument easily readable and installed so that the direct rays are shielded from the flight crewmembers eyes and that no objectionable reflections are visible to them. There must be a means of controlling the intensity of illumination unless it is shown that non dimming instrument lights are satisfactory
Battery Relay Light
Illumination during starting is normal. At other times with BAT switch -ON, continued illumination indicates fault in battery relay or protection circuits
Regain VMC
land as soon as practicable
Types of NOTAMS
- NOTAM (D)
- FDC NOTAMS
- Pointer NOTAMS
- SAA NOTAMS
- Military NOTAMS
- Notice to Airmen Publication (NTAP)
NOTAM (D)
-Information is disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the National Airspace System (NAS), all public use airports, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the AFD
-The complete file of all NOTAM (D) info is maintained in a computer database at the Weather Message Switching Center (WMSC), located in Atlanta, Georgia.
-This category of info is distributed automatically via Service A telecommunications systems
-Air traffic facilities, primarily FSS’s, with service A capability have access to the entire WMSC database of NOTAMS
-These NOTAMs remain available via Service A for the duration of their validity or until published
-Once published, the NOTAM data is deleted from the system
NOTAM (D) information includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as VASI
-All NOTAM Ds must have one keyword listed as the first part of the text after the location identifier
FDC NOTAMS
- On those occasions when it becomes necessary to disseminate information which is regulatory in nature, the National Flight Data Center (NFDC), in Washington DC, will issue an FDC NOTAM
- FDC NOTAMs contain such things as amendments to published IAPs and other current aeronautical charts
- They are also used to advertise temporary flight restrictions caused by such things as natural disasters or large scale public events that may generate a congestion of air traffic over a site
Pointer NOTAMS
- Issued by a FSS to highlight or point out another NOTAM, such as an FDC or NOTAM (D)
- This assists users in cross referencing important info that may not be found under an airport or NAVAID identifier
- Keywords in pointer NOTAMs must match the keywords in the NOTAM that is being pointed out
- The keyword in pointer NOTAMs related to TFRs must be AIRSPACE
SAA NOTAMS
- These NOTAMS are issued when Special Activity Airspace will be active outside the published schedule times and when required by the published schedule
- Pilots and other users are still responsible to check published schedule times for SAAs as well as any NOTAMS for that airspace
Military NOTAMS
-Pertaining to USAF, USA, USMC, USN navigational aids/airports that are part of the NAS
Notice to Airmen Publication (NTAP)
- Published by mission support services, ATC products and publications, every 28 days
- Data of a permanent nature can be published in the NTAP as an interim step between
GPS NOTAMS
AIM 2018 1-1-17
GPS satellite outages are issued as GPS NOTAMs both domestically and internationally
However, the effect of an outage on the intended operation cannot be determined unless the pilot has a RAIM availability prediction program which allows excluding a satellite which is predicted to be out of service based on the NOTAM information
The term UNRELIABLE is used in conjunction with GPS NOTAMs
The term is an advisory to pilots indicating the expected level of service may not be available
Does not mean there is a problem with GPS signal integrity
If GPS service is available, pilots may continue operations
If the LNAV or LNAV/VNAV service is available, pilots may use the displayed level of service to fly the approach
NOTAM codes
- Can find it in the FIH
- Published to enable the coding of information regarding the establishment, condition or change of radios, aerodromes and lighting facilities, danger to aircraft in flight, or search and rescue facilities
- All NOTAM code group contain a total of 5 letters
- -First letter is always the letter Q to indicate that it is a code abbreviation for use in the composition of NOTAM. Chosen to avoid conflict with any assigned radio call sign
- -The second and third letter identify the subject reported upon and
- -The fourth and fifth letters denote its status of operation
Flight information handbook (FIH)
- DoD FLIP issued every 32 weeks by the national Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)
- Contains aeronautical information which is required by DoD aircrews in flight, but which is not subject to frequent change
- May be amended to disseminate informational changes between FLIP publication cycles by NGS STL publication of a textual or graphic urgent change notice (UCN) as required or by the regular NOTAMs via the FAA/DoD intergrated NOTAM system
Broken down into:
Special notices-inside front cover
General Information-page 1
Index of Subjects-2
Section A-Emergency Procedures
Section B-National and International Flight Data and Procedures
Section C-Meteorological Information
Section D-Conversion Tables
Section E-Standard Time Signals
Section F-FLIP and NOTAM abbreviation/code
Interception signals ICAO standard-outside back cover
Temporary flight restriction (TFR)
- A TFR is a regulatory action issued via the U.S. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) system to restrict certain aircraft from operating within a defined area, on a temporary basis, to protect persons or property in the air or on the ground.
- While not an exhaustive list, a TFR may be issued when it is deemed necessary to restrict flight in the vicinity of: a disaster or hazard area; an area being visited by the president or other public figure; space flight operations; aerial demonstrations or major sporting events; or reasons of national security.
- TFRs may be requested by various entities, including: military commands; federal security/intelligence agencies; regional directors of the Office of Emergency Planning, Civil Defense State Directors; civil authorities directing or coordinating organized relief air operations (e.g., Office of Emergency Planning; law enforcement agencies; U.S. Forest Service; state aeronautical agencies); State Governors; FAA Flight Standards District Office, aviation event organizers, or sporting event officials.
- The FAA issues TFRs. The approval/issuing authority within the FAA for issuing a TFR varies depending on which section in 14 CFR applies. Refer to the appropriate appendix in this AC for more information
Lost communications-NDZ “on top”
- When VMC, maintain VMC and join course rules to either KNDZ (by LOA) or an appropriate NOLF and land
- Close out your flight plan by the most expeditious means.
- When IMC or unable to maintain VMC
- -Comply with FIH, two way radio failure procedures
- –NOTE-IVORY is the last fix on all KNDZ IFR stereo flight plans. Commence descent for the ILS, TACAN or GPS 32 approach as close as possible to the expected further clearance time, or if one has not been received, as close as possible to the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) as calculated from the filed (or amended with ATC) estimated time enroute.
- –NOTE-Pilots are reminded that the KNDZ VFR-ON-TOP clearance is an IFR clearance. In the event of lost communications on departure, pilots are required to climb to and maintain 1700 feet MSL, unless Pensacola TRACON has issued a specific clearance prior to lost communications.
- -If being vectored for an approach, execute that approach
- -If being vectored to a KNDZ GCA, proceed to the IVORY IAF for an ILS RWY 32
- -KNDZ GCA final. If no transmissions are received by 15 seconds on the ASR or 5 seconds on the PAR RWY 32 final approach, or by 3 DME, attempt radio contact with South Tower and proceed VFR if able. If unable to proceed VFR:
- –At or above 1700 feet MSL, maintain 1700 feet MSL until the FAF and proceed with final portion of an NDZ ILS RWY 32
- –Below 1700 feet MSL, execute missed approach by making a climbing left turn to 220 and 1700 feet MSL, and proceed direct to IVORY. If unable to regain communications, proceed with an ILS RWY 32, TACAN RWY 32, or GPS RWY 32 approach.
- –Radar/Tower shall immediately notify Pensacola TRACON in the event of lost communications.
- -Be alert for Tower ALDIS lamp signals
- –NOTE-Pilots are reminded that when you experience total radio failure, you must squawk 7600 and make all calls in the blind, as necessary.
