I. Typical Development Flashcards
What age is the perlocutionary stage?
0-8 months
What age is the illocutionary stage?
8-12 months
What age is the locutionary stage?
12-18 months
What are some social behaviors occurring in the perlocutionary stage?
- cooing
- crying
- fussing
- laughing
- looking
- smiling
What kind of communication skills develop in the illocutionary stage? and what are they?
- INTENTIONAL communication skills
- gaze
- gestures/pointing
- vocalization
How many communicative acts per minute are occurring in the illocutionary stage?
2.5 communicative acts per minute
What two types of functions of communication develop in the illocutionary stage?
- protoimperative
- protodeclarative
During the locutionary stage what are TD child able to do?
-name where things are, what things are, and how they’re feeling
When are a TD child’s first words spoken?
during the locutionary stage
What is there a rapid increase of during the locutionary stage?
-spoken vocabulary
When are children able to comprehend words that are not typical in their routines?
during the locutionary stage
in video clip: understood “balance”
At 15 months, how many words does a child know?
3
At 18 months, how many words does a child know?
50-100 words (+/- 50)
How many communicative acts per minute does a child have in the locutionary stage?
3-5 acts per minute
Do children in the locutionary stage have the same intents as protodelcaratives and protoimperatives in the illocutionary stage?
yes, but now instead of using gestures they’re using words
How many words does a child speak between ages 18-24 months?
300 words (+/- 150)
What kind of speech does a child have between 18-24 months?
telegraphic speech
What are the pragmatic abilties of a child between 18-24 months?
- answer and ask questions
- take 1 to 2 turns per topic
What is the primary deficit for a child with ASD?
communication!
At 24 months what is a TD child’s language like?
- 300 words
- uses grammatical morphemes
- sentences (questions, negatives, etc…)
- 50-70% intelligibility
By age 5, what is a TD child’s language like?
- 6,000 words
- mastered grammatical forms
- 4-6 word sentences
- 100% intelligible
- speech errors may persist (/r/, /l/, etc)
What are TD pre-k pragmatics like?
- use language to accomplish social goals (turn taking, eye contact, good dialogue)
- range of functions increase (pretending, telling stories, talking about future, hypothesizing..)
- oral narratives emerge (have moologues and can tell stories, move from talking about here and now to there and then, can start to talk out of context, need less support from adults at this point)
- take longer turns and maintain topics for longer
- use polite forms (permission requests & directives “Can I…Could you… please”, Can use indirect requests)
What is adolescent communication like?
- complex syntax
- advanced semantics
What is an adolescent’s pragmatics like?
- narration
- persuade/negotiate
- sarcasm
- slang
- figurative language
What is the purpose of social communication?
- exchange and express intentions
- indirectly control the environment
- regulate social interaction
- express an emotion or interact with someone
- receive and convey information and ideas
What are the cognitive processes involved with language?
- attention (orientation & reaction)
- concept formation (encoding of information)
- management/executive function (cognitive strategies needed for a task; monitors feedback and outcomes to shift resources if needed)
- memory: (recall information previously learned)
- organization (organizing incoming sensory information)
- perception/discrimination: (identify stimuli based on relevant characteristics)
- problem-solving & transfer (generalization of learned material in solving similar but ‘novel’ problems)
What is social referencing?
chid looks at the adult to make sure they are watching (infants prefer women’s voices esp. motherese)
What is joint attention? (Courtney wrote: Joint Reference)
- emerges @ 9 months and well established @ 18 months
- child responding to other’s bid for joint attention
- child initiating joint attention
What do protoimperatives lay the basis for?
commands and requests
ie: reaching or pointing to something
What do protodeclaratives allow for?
allow the child to share things–calls the adult’s attention
(ie: showing parent toy that he wants parent to share attention with)
In the perlocutionary stage, have children developed goals to pursue actions?
NO
although adults treat babies like they have a goal in mind
What is social pragmatic theory?
children need to understand the communicative intentions of others
