I/O Psych. Chap. 2

Question 1

What is part of an Quasi-Experimental research design?

Answer 1

Manipulation but no random assignment (I.e. Using pre-existing groups ex: workplace)

Question 2

What is part of a Non-experimental research design?

Answer 2

Surveys, observational studies (no manipulation and no random assignment)

Question 3

What is internal validity?

Answer 3

is when you can say that the IV did cause the effect on the dependent variable, cause and effect conclusion

Question 4

What do you need to have to have internal validity?

Answer 4

You must have correlation
Temporal= time order/ cause must happen after the effect
Elimination of 3rd variable (ex. Factoring for personality diff. By using random assignment to each condition)
ONLY GUARANTEED IN AN EXPERIMENT THAT INVOLVES RANDOM ASSIGNMENT TO CONDITIONS

Question 5

What is External Validity?

Answer 5

To what extent you can generalize these findings to the general public

Question 6

What do you need to have to have External Validity?

Answer 6

Represents the sample of interest
Selected from the population randomly
Extent to which the setting of the research study is representative of the actual setting you want to apply the finding to (ex: organization)

Question 7

What is a correlation?

Answer 7

Can’t draw causative conclusions, low internal validity, relationship b/w variables can be positive (/) or negative () relationship; the association b/w two continuous variables

Question 8

How to interpret correlation STRENGTH & MAGNITUDE

Answer 8

Can have temporal order
+ correlation increases in both the Y axis (IV) and X axis (DV)
- correlation increase in one axis and decrease in the other (IV horizontal and DV vertical)
-1 to +1 (-1 strong negative correlation) (+1 strong positive correlation)
Magnitude: the # after the sign, zero is the lowest value possible and 1 the highest

Question 9

What is a multiple correlation? R^2

Answer 9

Used for predicting the unknown value of a variable from the know value of two or more variable also called predictors

Question 10

What is incremental validity?

Answer 10

Extra variance explained by the set of predictors (increase in R^2) in our outcome variable (performance) by two predictors (intelligence &job related knowledge) is .4, we find that adding conscientiousness as a predictor bring the R^2 up to .5

Question 11

What is Measurement?

Answer 11

Abstract concepts, is normally what I/O study call “constructs” (anything we are interested in such as a certain aspect of a person)

Question 12

What is construct validity?

Answer 12

Concerns whether our methods of studying variable are accurate. Refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variable

Question 13

What is operationalization?

Answer 13

When you put a # to the abstract concept making it conceptual by making it quantitative and therefore measure able

Question 14

What is measurement reliability?

Answer 14

High reliability (consistency), low reliability (non-consistent)

Question 15

What is measurement validity?

Answer 15

High validity (on target for what we want to measure)
Low validity ( we're not on target/ can't be valid w/o consistency)

Question 16

What is content validity?

Answer 16

Extent to which the measure provides a good sample of the domain it is intended to represent

Question 17

What is face validity?

Answer 17

Extent to which the measure looks valid (ask experts)

Question 18

What is convergent validity?

Answer 18

Extent to which multiple measures of the same construct are highly correlated with each other

Tests the constructs that are expected to be related are, in fact, related.

Question 19

Discriminant validity?

Answer 19

Extent to which measure of a construct are lowly correlated with measures of each construct

Tests that constructs that should have no relationship do, in fact, not have any relationship

Question 20

Criterion related validity?

What kinds?

Answer 20

Empirical relationship between predictor and criterion

1. Concurrent: predictor (IV) and Criterion (DV) measured at the same time (new Intelligence test against standard IQ test)
2. Predictive: predictor (IV) measured some time before the criterion (DV) (ex: predict future performance/ high SAT scores for universities)