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eng > I. kolokviji BE2 > Flashcards

I. kolokviji BE2 Flashcards

1
Q

involves buying, selling and exchanging in return for money or money’s worth

A

trade

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2
Q

includes transport, insurance, warehousing, banking and advertising which
help buying and selling goods

A

commerce

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3
Q

Chain of businesses or intermediaries through which a good or service passes until it reaches the end consumer

A

distribution chanel

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4
Q

distribution chanel where consumers buy directly from manufacturers

A

direct channel

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5
Q

distribution channel where consumers buy from intermediaries

A

indirect channel

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6
Q

Goods are bought in bulk from various manufacturers. Bulk is broken down into smaller quantities which are passed on to the retailer. A wholesaler is an intermediary distributor.

A

wholesale trade

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7
Q

Goods are bought in small quantities from the wholesaler or another intermediary. A retailer is also an intermediary distributor, who sells goods in even smaller quantities to the final consumer.

A

retail trade

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8
Q

The primary business street of towns or cities.

A

high street

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9
Q

A specially built area containing a lot of different shops; usually includes restaurants and a convenient parking area.

A

shooping center

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10
Q

A period of substantial decline.

A

drop

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11
Q

The measurement for the speed a company sells the products or inventory it has on hand.

A

turnover

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12
Q

The difference between what a country receives and pays for its imports and exports of goods.

A

balance of trade

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13
Q

The difference between a country’s total earnings from exports and total expenditure on imports.

A

balance of payments

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14
Q

a situation in which a country is completely self-sufficient and has no foreign trade.

A

autarky

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15
Q

imposing trade barriers in order to restrict imports.

A

protectionism

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16
Q

Selling goods abroad at (or below) cost price.

A

dumping

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17
Q

Taxes charged on imports.

A

tariffs

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18
Q

Quantitative limits on the import of particular products or commodities.

A

quotas

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19
Q

Benefit given by the government to groups or individuals usually in the form of a cash payment or tax reduction.

A

subsidy

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20
Q

Trade penalties imposed by one nation on one or more other nations usually for political reasons. They can be unilateral, imposed by one or more countries on a number of different countries.

A

trade sanction

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21
Q

Government order that restricts commerce or exchange with a specified country. It is usually created as a result of unfavorable political or economic circumstances between nations. Its purpose is to isolate the country and create difficulties for its governing body.

A

embargo

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22
Q

when a country produces and protects goods that cost more than others made abroad

A

import substitution

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23
Q

The total level of demand for desired goods and services that makes up the GDP.

A

Aggregate demand.

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24
Q

A situation in which all available labour resources are being used in the most economically efficient way. It is the highest amount of skilled and unskilled labour that could be employed within an economy at any given time.

A

full employment

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25
Q

An amount produced or manufactured during a certain time.

A

output

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26
Q

An economic system with no barriers to free market activity.

A

open market

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27
Q

Minimum amount of cash or cash-equivalents (a percentage of deposits) that banks and other depository institutions are required by law to keep on hand, and which may not be used for lending or investing.

A

reserve requirement

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28
Q

. The interest rate charged to commercial banks and other depository institutions for loans received from a central bank’s discount windows

A

discount rate

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29
Q

A bank’s ability to fund loans.

A

lending capacity

30
Q

Securities representing the debt of the company or government issuing it.

A

bonds

31
Q

The amount of liquid assets (usually cash) circulating in the economy

A

money supply

32
Q

Money issued by the central bank.

A

primary money

33
Q

a sum of money paid into a bank

A

deposit

34
Q

the price of a borrowed money

A

intrest rate

35
Q

Certificates representing part-ownership of a company.

A

stock/share

36
Q

A chart used for:
comparing two or more
values.

A

bar chart

37
Q

Used for:

Demonstrating trends

A

line graph

38
Q

A matrix or grid
of data arranged
in rows and
columns.

A

table

39
Q

An explanatory
drawing.

Used for:

showing arrangement and
relations of parts.

A

diagram

40
Q

Used for:

To describe a process

A

flow chart

41
Q

Used for:

Displaying the sizes of
parts that make up some
whole.

A

pie chart

42
Q

Trade between two or more countries

A

international trade

43
Q

Trade within the borders of a country

A

domestic trade

44
Q

Buying goods bought from another
country.

A

import trade

45
Q

A type of trade in which goods produced
in one country are sold in another.

A

export trade

46
Q

businesses only exist in a physical form.

A

brick-and-mortar shop

47
Q

businesses only exist online and in a physical form

A

click-and-mortar shop

48
Q

only (or primarily) exist online.

A

e-tailers

49
Q

type of a shooping where Customers can immerse themselves into
the brand

A

experiental shooping

50
Q

An economic indicator that measures how optimistic consumers
are about the state of a country’s economy and their own
financial situations, and consequently, are they likely to spend
or save.

A

consumer confidence

51
Q

To stop buying or using the goods or services of a company or
country as a form of protest.

A

boycott

52
Q

An industry that is in an early stage of
development and cannot survive
competition from foreign companies.

A

Infant
industry

53
Q

An industry that is particulary
important to a country’s economy.

A

Strategic
industry

54
Q

An industry which experiences
negative growth, or remains stagnant
due to decline in demand of one or
more of its products

A

declining industry

55
Q

medium- to long-term expansion; period of rapid expansion

A

boom

56
Q

a period of expansion after a recession

A

recovery

57
Q

downturn for two consecutive quarters

A

recession

58
Q

long-term recession

A

depression

59
Q

Causes inside the economy

A

INTERNAL OR ENDOGENOUS
CAUSES

60
Q

the total demand for
goods and services
within a particular
market (government,
individuals, businesses).

A

aggregate demand

61
Q

Causes outside the economy

A

EXTERNAL OR EXOGENOUS
CAUSES

62
Q

A government policy on taxes and public spending.

A

fiscal policy

63
Q

A government policy on taxes and public spending.

A

monetary policy

64
Q

measures of restrictive monetary policy

A

reduce aggregate demand/money supply: raising reserve requirements, increase discount rates and selling bonds

65
Q

measures of expansionary monetary policy

A

increase aggregate demand/money supply: lowering reserve requirements, dropping discount rates and buying bonds

66
Q

shows how a country’s real GDP fluctuates over time

A

business cycle

67
Q

an independent country

A

sovereign state

68
Q

the basic principles by which a government or company is guided

A

policy

69
Q

cooperation between governments to make laws more coherent and uniform

A

harmonize laws

70
Q

a person who is opposed to closer links with the eu

A

eurosceptic

71
Q

agreements among countries in which the parties agree to allow free trade in the area and agree to a common external tariff on imports from the rest of the world

A

customs union

eng (2 decks)

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