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Bacteriology > I > Flashcards

I Flashcards

1
Q

is the disturbance in the state of health wherein the body cannot carry its normal function.

A

Disease

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2
Q

multiplication of the parasite within the host’s body

A

Infection

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3
Q

organism is present on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes

A

Contamination

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4
Q

one that benefits from the symbiotic relationship and harms the host

A

Parasite

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5
Q

harbors the parasite

A

Host

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6
Q

capacity of the pathogen to produce disease

A

Pathogenicity

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7
Q

intensity of the disease produced by the pathogens or the degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

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8
Q

factors that are produced by a microorganism and evoke disease

A

Virulence factors

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9
Q

They are either structural or physiological characteristics that help bacteria to

A
  1. invade the host
  2. cause disease
  3. evade host defenses
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10
Q

examples of virulence factors

A

bacterial toxins and enzymes

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11
Q

the outcome of bacterial infections may be influenced by the determinants associated with the

A

host
pathogen/agent
modifying factors in the environment

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12
Q

the agent meets the host

A

Encounter

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13
Q

after attachment to receptors of host cells by means of specific adhesion molecules present on its surface.

A

Entry and colonization

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14
Q

ex. of entry and colonization
-promote attachment in small intestine

A

pili of K88/K99 of E. coli

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15
Q

proteins that promote tighter binding of bacteria to host cells following initial binding via pili

A

Adhesins

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16
Q

mechanisms that destroy host defenses such as the production of extracellular matrices such as polysaccharide capsule which is antiphagocytic, inactivation of cellular responses, and interference with the humoral immune responses

A

Evading host defenses

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17
Q

invading organism must evade host defense mechanisms and must gain access to host nutrients for growth

A

Multiplication

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18
Q

ability of organism to invoke deleterious effects through toxin production and direct cell and cellular function damage

A

Damage

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19
Q

ex. of physical barriers

A

skin
self-cleaning
normal flora

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20
Q

ex. of innate immunity

A

inflammation
defensins
lysozyme

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21
Q

ex. of specific immunity

A

antibody production
cell-mediated immunity

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22
Q

period of time beginning with the initial infection through to the point where individual presents clinical signs. The agent localized and begun to multiply; asymptomatic but capable of transmitting the disease agent to others

A

Incubation phase

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23
Q

short and present non- specific mild signs

A

Prodromal phase

24
Q

T or F. All diseases have prodromal phase

A

False
some do not have

25
Q

ex. of prodromal phase

A

redness and swelling
depression
anorexia

26
Q

characteristic of a particular disease are apparent

A

Invasive phase

27
Q

ex. of invasive phase

A

cough
fever
swollen lymph nodes
vomiting
diarrhea

28
Q

signs are at greatest intensity; when pathogen has invaded and damaged host tissues

A

Acme

29
Q

T or F. Acme can be sudden and severe or chronic; host –pathogen interactions are at their most intense and disease outcome is decided

A

TRUE

30
Q

characterized by decline in signs associated with the disease. Secondary infection may occur this time as the immune system has been compromised during the interaction with the original pathogen

A

Decline phase

31
Q

host begins to repair the damage caused by the presence of the pathogen, and the host recovers. This phase may be infectious if the disease is associated with scab or accessible lesions

A

Convalescent phase

32
Q

major virulence factors

A

adhesins
capsules
toxins

33
Q

could be classified on how they are released

A

toxins

34
Q

help the bacterium bind to the intestinal epithelium

A

adhesins

35
Q

prevents phagocytosis

A

capsule

36
Q

elaboration result to various damaging effects to the host

A

toxins

37
Q

soluble substances released into host tissues

A

exotoxins

38
Q

part of the bacterial cell wall and thus released when the bacterium dies or divide

A

endotoxins

39
Q

organisms producing exotoxins

A

all gram positive: some gram negative

40
Q

organisms producing endotoxins

A

almost all gram negative

41
Q

exotoxin location in the cell

A

extracellular

42
Q

endotoxin location in the cell

A

bound within bacterial cell wall

43
Q

exo chemical nature

A

mostly polypeptides

44
Q

endo chemical nature

A

lipopolysaccharide complex

45
Q

exo stability

A

unstable

46
Q

endo stability

A

relatively stable

47
Q

exo tonicity

A

among most powerful toxin

48
Q

endo tonicity

A

weak but fatal in large doses

49
Q

exo effect on tissue

A

highly specific

50
Q

endo effect on tissue

A

nonspecific

51
Q

exo fever prod

A

little or no fever

52
Q

endo fever prod

A

high fever

53
Q

antigenicity
exo
endo

A

strong
weak

54
Q

toxoid conversion and use
exo
endo

A

toxoid used to immunize against toxin
cannot be converted to toxoid

55
Q

exo example

A

Botulism
gas gangrene
tetanus
diphtheria
staphylococcal food poisoning
cholera
enterotoxins
plague

56
Q

endo example

A

salmonellosis
tularemia
endotoxic shock

Bacteriology (4 decks)

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