HYS - CH9: Ions in Solutions

Question 1

cations and anions

Answer 1

cations (+) have fewer electrons than protons
anions (-) have more electrons than protons

Question 2

neutral atoms becomes charged when it

Answer 2

gains or looses electrons

Question 3

salt

Answer 3

any substance of anions and cations

Question 4

neutral species have

Answer 4

equal electrons and protons

Question 5

ionization energy

Answer 5

energy needed to remove an electron from an atom
(form a cation)

Question 6

taking an electron away from an atom ____ its potential energy

Answer 6

increases
moving away from nucleus from which it is attracted to

Question 7

periodic trends of ionization enery, electron affinity

Answer 7

Question 8

electron affinity

Answer 8

energy change that results from adding an electron to an atom

elements on right have higher electron affinity as goes up and more exothermic

Question 9

lower energy means ____ stable

Answer 9

more

Question 10

polyatomic anions and example

Answer 10

many ions

most often involve oxygen and negative charge

Question 11

carbonic acid

Answer 11

H2Co3

H+ ions
and negative CO3-

we need 2 negative charges from CO3 and 2 H+ to become neutral

weak acid

Question 12

phosphoric acid

Answer 12

give tangy flavor, prevents bacteria

H3PO4

1 phosphate anion with -3 charge
3 H+ with + charge

weak acid

Question 13

most of common polyatomic anions have 1 atom bonded to 1 or more oxygen becuase

Answer 13

oxygen is very electronegative

resonance allows spread of negative charges to be more stable

Question 14

Hydrogen cyanide

Answer 14

HCN

H+ means CN is -1

Question 15

azide

Answer 15

N3-

Question 16

hydrogen sulfide

Answer 16

HS-

Question 17

common polyatomic cations

Answer 17

mercurous ion
hydronium
ammonium
amino acid with amino group

hydronium (H3+) and ammonium (NH3+) start as neutral and bind with a proton which gives it +1 charge

Question 18

autionization or self ionization of water

Answer 18

Question 19

how do hydration spheres help keep ions dissolved

Answer 19

create barrier for ions interacting