HYS - CH10: Acids and Bases Flashcards
general acid base reaction
acid + base –> salt + water
arrhenius definition of acids and bases
acids are hydronium ion donors
bases are hydroxide ion donors
doesnt explain all of them and only works with water
lewis definition
acids accept an electron pair
basis donate an electron pair
bronsted lowry defintion
acids donate a proton
bases accept a proton
pH depends on
H+ (acidic) nd OH- (basic)
hyrolysis of a salt to form a basic solution example
NaF
hydrolysis of a salt to form an acidic solution ex
proton binds to water forming hydronium
conjugate acid base pair
exists in a state where it has (acid) or lacks (basic) a proton
identify the conjugate acid and base pair and the conjugate base and acid pair
H3PO4 is the acid bc it later donates an proton and looses it to become the conjugate base
H3O+ is the conjugate acid becuase it accepts a proton after being a base
H20 is the base becuase it later accepts a proton when it becomes a conjugate acid
ampotheric
act as acid or base
Keq, Ka, Kb
help us quantify if reaction goes forward or backwards based
Ka for acids - dissociation constant
Kb for bases - dissociation constant
which species are included in equilibrium constant
only aqueous
general Kb formula
general Ka formula
acid base chemistry is centered on interaction with
water
Kw at STP
equilibrium constant of water
standard conditions; 25 C and 1 atom
Kw = 1 x 10^-14
unit change in Ph causes
10 fold change in acidity
if [H30+] is = [OH-] at STP then its
if [H30+] is > [OH-] at STP then its
if [H30+] is < [OH-] at STP then its
if [H30+] is = [OH-] at STP then its neutral
if [H30+] is > [OH-] at STP then its acidic
if [H30+] is < [OH-] at STP then its basic
how to find pH (power of hydrogen) and pOH (power of hydroxide)
How to find the pka and the pkb
pka + pkb =
ph+ pOH =
Ka*Kb =
Ka*Kb = Kw = 10^14
pka + pkb = 14
ph+ pOH = 14
polyprotic acid
A substance capable of donating more than one proton is known as Polyprotic Acid. Diprotic and Triprotic are specific types of polyprotic acid capable of donating two and three protons, respectively.
if Ka is large then kb must be
if kb is large then ka must be
if Ka is large then kb must be small
if kb is large then ka must be large
strong acid and strong base
ka >1 is strong acid
Kb > 1 is a strong base
strong acids and strong bases will _____ dissociate in aqeous solutions
will completely dissociate
dissociation - the breaking up of a compound into simpler constituents that are usually capable of recombining under other conditions.
weak acids and weak bases will _____ dissociate in aqeous solutions
will not completely dissociate in aqeous solutions
all strong acids
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
hydrobromic acid (HBr)
hydroiodic acid (HI)
sulfuric acid (H2S04)
nitric acid (HNO3)
chloric acid (HClO3)
perchloric acid (HClO4)
all strong bases
sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
potassium hydroxide (KOH)
hydroxides formed from group 1 metals
cesium hydroxide (CsOH)
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH2)
barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)
stronium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2)
if you but a strong acid in aqeous solution they will___ protons
donate
the conjugate cations of the strong bases are considered
inert
weak acids and weak bases
