HYS CH7.1 The Genetic Code

Question 1

central dogma

Answer 1

Question 2

translation

Answer 2

mRNA –> proteins

Question 3

genetic code rules

Answer 3

takes 3 amino acids to specify an amino acid

Question 4

anticodons

Answer 4

on tRNA
each codon is recognized by complementary anticodon in ribosome

Question 5

how many codons?
which codon position shows degeneracy?
what does it mean to unabiguous?

Answer 5

64 codons specifies 20 amino acids
third one shows degeneracy

unabiguous means each 3 letter codon specifies only one amino acid

Question 6

wobble base pairs

Answer 6

first two bases are significant in identifying amino acid

last base - wobble pase - tRNA literally wobbles
if wrong TRNA brought in at pos its likely silent mutation – no effect on protein

Question 7

point mutation

Answer 7

affects 1 nucleotides

Question 8

silent mutation

Answer 8

point mutation that does not affect overall protein

Question 9

missense mutation

Answer 9

one amino acid is substituted for another due

expressed mutation –> effects primary sequence

Question 10

nonsense mutation

Answer 10

change codon from amino acid to stop codon bc they prematurely truncate or end an amino acid

Question 11

start codon

Answer 11

AUG start mRNA for protein
codes for methionine
every pre processed codon begins with methionine

AUG like August – school starts

Question 12

stop codon

Answer 12

UAA
UGA
UAG

translation terminates

UAA - U are annoying
UGA - U go away
UAG - U are gone