Hypoxia and corneal responses Flashcards
What pathology can occur in the corneal epithelium due to hypoxia?
Microcysts
Vacuoles
Epithelial Plug
What pathology can occur in the corneal stroma due to hypoxia?
Oedema
Neovascularisation
Microbial and sterile keratitis
What pathology can occur in the corneal endothelium due to hypoxia?
Bedewing
Blebs
Polymegathism
How do microcysts appear on observation?
small, spherical inclusions with light reversed inside them
How long does it take microcysts to appear?
1 week to 2 months after starting CL wear
What is within microcysts?
Cellular debris from cells killed by hypoxia
How do microcysts develop?
Form in deepest epithelial layers due to disorganised cell growth and move forward. Stain once on ocular surface
Where will the most microcysts be found?
Where the thickest part of the lens is
What is microcyst rebound?
Number increase initially once CLs not worn due to increased metabolism and growth of epithelium from increased oxygen levels
How do vacuoles appear on observation?
small, spherical inclusions, light not reversed
What is within vacuoles?
Gas and fluid
Where will the most vacuoles be found?
Mid-peripheral cornea in groups of 2-4
Why does corneal oedema form due to hypoxia?
Hypoxia induces anaerobic respiration - this has a by product of lactate/lactic acid which accumulates.
More water enters the cornea too and the endothelial pump is unable to balance the excess fluid.
What are striae in corneal oedema?
White, fine, vertical lines in posterior stroma caused by fluid separation of posterior fibrils
What are folds in corneal oedema?
physical buckling of the posterior stroma
seen as depressed grooves or raised ridges in endothelium