HYPOXIA Flashcards
WHAT STRUCTURES ARE INVOLVED
Hypoxic-ischemic neurons in
(A) Ammon’s horn and
(B) cerebellar cortex. The perikaryon, shrunken and devoid of Nissl substance, stains intensely red. The condensed pyknotic nucleus stains deeply blue.
C. Chronic mineralized (ferruginated) dead neurons in cerebral cortex, hematoxylin-eosin (HE).
WHAT TYPE OF NECROSIS
Acute cortical multilaminar necrosis (case in Fig 3.2).
A and B. The faintly
stained ischemic laminae are sharply
demarcated from the relatively spared
external laminae and are depleted of
neurons and glial cells (
WHAT TYPE OF NECROSIS?
Subacute cortical pan-necrosis. A 52-year-old man survived 12 days in a coma following a cardiorespiratory arrest of approximately 28 minutes.
A. Transverse section of cerebral hemispheres shows reddish-brown discoloration of the cerebral cortex and
softening of the white matter.
B. The cerebral cortex is outlined by a darkly stained outer and a faintly stained inner layer.
C. The outer layer contains necrotic tissue densely packed with macrophages. A few ischemic neurons are entrapped among macrophages
(HE).
PATIENT WITH PROLONGED COMA. WHAT TYPE OF NECROSIS?
Prolonged coma following cardiac arrest. Chronic cortical pan-necrosis. Three-month survival in a 69-year-old man. A. Transverse section of the cerebral hemispheres shows thinning and sponginess of the cortex, necrosis of the basal ganglia, and focal softening of the white matter. The cerebral cortex shows
(B) ischemic necrosis of the entire width of the cortex (LFB-CV) and
(C) intense perinecrotic astrocytic reaction (GFAP
PT WITH POST-HYPOXIC DEMENTIA
Post-hypoxic dementia. Following resuscitation
from ventricular fi brillation
and cardiac arrest, a 23-year-old man
became severely demented. Thirteen
years later, at age 36 years, he died.
A. Multifocal thinning of the cerebral
cortex, atrophy of the white matter,
and enlargement of the anterior horns.
B. Loss of neurons in hippocampal
gyrus
DESCRIBE THE PROCESS IN THIS PT WITH EPILEPSY
Ammon’s horn sclerosis in a 28-year-old woman with generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
A. The Ammon’s horns are atrophic, and the temporal horns are enlarged.
B. Thinning of the Sommer’s sector from neuronal losses and dense diffuse astrogliosis in another chronic epileptic patient (Holzer stain).
WHAT STRUCTURE IS SEEN IN THIS PATIENT
WITH
Cerebellar cortical lobular atrophy in a child with intractable
tonic-clonic seizures
. Loss of Purkinje cells and granule cells.
The cortex is outlined by a prominent Bergmann astrocytic
layer (cresyl violet
