Hypovolemic shock

Question 1

What is SHOCK?

Answer 1

Insufficient perfusion of vital organs which leads to
inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and
inadequate removal of metabolic wastes

Question 2

Heart, brain and lungs. How long can they survive without oxygen?

Answer 2

4-6 minutes

Question 3

Kidneys, liver, GI tract. How long can they survive without oxygen?

Answer 3

45-90 minutes

Question 4

Muscle, bones, skin. How long can they survive without oxygen?

Answer 4

4-6 timer

Question 5

Hemorrhagic shock is hypovolemic shock from blood loss. What other hypovolemic shock are there?

Answer 5

Dehydration from diarrhea or exzessiv vomit, and fromlarge burn wounds.

Question 6

What is compensated (early) SHOCK?

Answer 6

Body is still able to maintain perfusion to vital organs through different mechanisms

Question 7

What is decompensated (late) SHOCK?

Answer 7

Compensatory mechanisms
of the body are overwhelmed,
signs of organ dysfunction
appear

Question 8

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 8

Accumulation of an Oxygen
deficit over time
–Represents severity of shock
and time spent in shock

Question 9

What is oxygen deficit?

Answer 9

Difference between oxygen
needed to meet metabolic
demands (VO2) and the amount
of oxygen being delivered (DO2)

Question 10

Explain the early mechanism of hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock?

Answer 10

Baro-receptors in carotid sinus and aortic arch registers ↓ arterial blood pressure
=> Increased activity in sympathetic nervous systems.
– The heart tries to maintain Cardiac Output by increasing heart rate +
contractility
– The respiratory center becomes activated => Respiratory Rate increases

Question 11

There will be vasoconstriction off and why?

Answer 11

Vasoconstriction of..:
- Venous vessels => mobilization of blood volume (Preload ↑)
- Arterial vessels => increase vascular resistance (Afterload ↑)
- Blood vessels in the GI-tract, skin and extremities => centralizing circulation
to Brain and Heart.

Question 12

Which later mechanisms are there?

Answer 12

Redistribution of fluid from the extracellular space into the blood circulation
- Kidneys conserve fluids => decreased urine output

Question 13

Signs and symptoms.
Compensated, early SHOCK?

Answer 13

Tachypnea
Tachypcardia
Cyanosis
Diaphoresis (Epinephrine)
excess thirst
Nausea and/or vomiting

Question 14

Sign and symptoms.
Decompensated, late SHOCK?