Hypothyroidism Flashcards
What is hypothyroidism?
What are the main causes of hypothyroidism?
- autoimmune thyroiditis
- congenital hypothyroidism
- iodine deficiency
- drugs
- treatment of hyperthyroidism
What is autoimmune thyroiditis?
Also known as Hashimoto’s disease. Autoimmune disease which the body’s immune system produce auto-antibodies which attack and gradually destroy the thyroid gland, preventing synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. Can also lead to thyroid gland becoming swollen.
What is congenital hypothyroidism?
Deficiency of the thyroid hormones detected in babies a few weeks or months after they have been born. Unless detected and treated early in life, can lead to permanent cognitive impairment as well as physical symptoms.
What is iodine deficiency?
Worldwide, dietary iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It is uncommon in the UK
What drugs can affect hypothyroidism?
Drugs that are used to treat hyperthyroidism can cause hypothyroidism. Drugs can affect thyroid function:
- amiodarone
- lithium
- sodium valproate
- interferon-alpha
- thalidomide
- rifampacin
What are other causes of hypothyroidism?
- cancer of the thyroid gland
- post pregnancy
- post viral
- often there is a genetic link
Why does treatment of hyperthyroidism cause hypothyroidism?
Surgery to remove all or parts of the thyroid gland and radioactive iodine will lead to hypothyroidism
What are some main symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- extreme fatigue
- slow heart rate
- weight gain
- depression
- poor concentration
- non-specific weakness, joint pain and muscle pain
What are other symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- cold hands, feet and head
- itchy skin
- constipation
- menstrual irregularities and reduced fertility
- dry skin and hair loss
- oedema
- hoarseness and deepening of the voice
- swelling of the thyroid gland
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
Treated by replacing the missing thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine. Start on low dose and gradually increase until they get the right dose. Liothyronine may also be used but not often recommended due to lack of evidence and high cost.
