Hypothyroidism 1

Question 1

What are the causes of Hypothyroidism

Answer 1

1. Congenital Hypothyroidism
2. Autoimmune Hypothyroidism
3. Other:
   a. Iatrogenic hypothyroidism
   b. Iodine deficiency
   c. Secondary hypothyroidism

Question 2

In areas of iodine sufficiency what are the most common causes of hypothyroidisim

Answer 2

Hashimoto (autoimmune)

and Iatrogenic

Question 3

Most common cause of neonatal hypothyroidism

Answer 3

Thyroid gland dysgenesis

Question 4

In Autoimmune hypothyroidism there is a phase of compensation when normal thyroid hormone levels
are maintained by a rise in TSH where some patients may have
minor symptoms, this state is called s

Answer 4

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Question 5

True regarding prevalence of AI hypothyroidism

a. More common in men
b. More common in Japanese due to low iodine diet
c. Mean age at diagnosis is 30
d. Prevalence increased with age

Answer 5

D.

a. More common in WOMEN
b. More common in Japanese due to HIGH iodine diet
c. Mean age at diagnosis is 60
d. Prevalence increased with age

Question 6

Pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 6

Marked lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid with germinal center formation

Question 7

Best documented genetic risk factors for autoimmune

hypothyroidism

Answer 7

HLA- DR polymorphism

Question 8

These Polymorphisms account for approximately half of the

genetic susceptibility to autoimmune hypothyroidism

Answer 8

HLA-DR

and CTLA-4 polymorphisms

Question 9

Which of the following practices in childhood may predispose to AI

A. Low iodine or
b. High selenium intake
C. Decreased exposure to microorganisms
D. Low calcium intake

Answer 9

C
Should be:
A. High iodine or 
b. Low selenium intake C. Decreased exposure to microorganisms
D. *not related

Question 10

Clinically useful markers of thyroid autoimmunity

Answer 10

TPO
Thyroglobulin (Tg)
antibodies

Question 11

Hashimotor’s Thyroiditis goiter is

a. Regular
b. Soft
c. Commonly painful
d. May not be large

Answer 11

D.

May not be large, irregular
Firm in consistency
Rarely associated with pain

Question 12

Mechanism behind myxedema

Answer 12

Increased dermal

glycosaminoglycan content traps water, giving rise to skin thickening without pitting

Question 13

Not a clinical finding of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

a. Galactorrhea
b. Pericardial effusion
c. Conductive Deafness
d. Systolic hypertension

Answer 13

D.

Should be Diastolic hypertension due to increased peripheral resistance

Question 14

A steroid-responsive syndrome associated
with 
-TPO antibodies
- myoclonus
- slow-wave activity on electroencephalography

Answer 14

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy

Question 15

Autoimmune hypothyroidism may commonly be
associated with signs or symptoms of other autoimmune diseases like the following except:
a. DM I
b. SLE
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Addison’s disease

Answer 15

B. SLE is less commonly associated

autoimmune hypothyroidism may be
associated with signs or symptoms of other autoimmune diseases, particularly vitiligo, pernicious anemia, Addison’s disease, alopecia areata,
and type 1 diabetes mellitus