Hypothetical Syllogisms

Question 1

syllogism

Answer 1

short deductive argument pattern, consisting of two premises and a conclusion

Question 2

hypothetical syllogism

Answer 2

syllogism that has a conditional as at least one premise (deductive argument

Question 3

modus ponens (valid)

Answer 3

if p, then q
p
therefore q
together + true, they guarantee a true conclusion
if she jumped off the building she is hurt, she jumped off that building, therefore she is hurt

Question 4

Affirming the consequent (invalid) - fallacy

Answer 4

opposite of modus ponens
if p, then q
q
therefore p
if she jumped off that building she is hurt, she is hurt, therefore she jumped off that building

Question 5

modus tollens (valid)

Answer 5

if p, then q
not -q
therefore, not -p
if she jumped off that building she is hurt, she is not hurt, therefore she did not jump off that building

Question 6

Denying the antecedent (invalid) fallacy

Answer 6

if p, then q
not -p
therefore, not -q
if she jumped off that building, she is hurt
she did not jump off that building
therefore she is not hurt

Question 7

chain argument (3 conditionals)
conclusion asserts connection

Answer 7

if p, then q
if q, then r
therefore if p, then r
if she jumped off that building, then she is hurt, if she is hurt she needs medical attention, therefore if she jumped off that building, she needs medical attention

Question 8

broken chains

Answer 8

no single bad form
the middle term has to line up properly
the antecedent of the conditional that has the middle term as its consequent should drop down to the conclusion