Fallacies

Question 1

Fallacies

Answer 1

faulty patterns of reasoning and arguing that tend to mislead us. Sometimes they involve invalid patterns of reasoning (like affirming the consequent) other times, they involve emotional triggers that produce beliefs that aren’t supported by rational reflection

Question 2

Ad hominem (attacking the person)

Answer 2

Claim is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the person presenting the claim

Question 3

Appeal to false authority

Answer 3

someone’s testimony is cited to prove a point, but the person in question is not a legitimate authority on the subject

Question 4

Begging the question

Answer 4

One of the premises logically presupposes that the conclusion is true

Question 5

False dilemma

Answer 5

Standard disjunctive syllogism, but with a false premise. The p or q premise ignores other relevant possibilities, and therefore, the argument fails (narrows argument to fewer conclusions then there are)

Question 6

Appeal to ignorance

Answer 6

There is no evidence against p; therefore, p

Question 7

Fallacy of equivocation

Answer 7

The meaning of one word is changed in the course of the argument in an attempt to justify the conclusion

Question 8

Appeal to force

Answer 8

a proposition is accepted because of the threat of force

Question 9

Appeal to the majority

Answer 9

The majority believes p, therefore p is true

Question 10

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 10

Because A happened before B in time, A was the cause of B (and while A & B may be totally unrelated)