hypothesis testing

Question 1

how many steps are in hypothesis testing

Answer 1

5

Question 2

what are the steps to hypothesis testing

Answer 2

1. research alt hypoth ; H1
2. create null H0
3. construct sampling distribution of stat on assumption null is true
4. collect data from random sample of pop and compute sample stat
5. compare sample stat to critical value of distrib

Question 3

what does hypothesis testinf involve

Answer 3

determining how likely obtained result would occur if null hypoth was true

Question 4

what is probability represented by

Answer 4

p value

Question 5

what does the probability estimate

Answer 5

likelihood of obtaining result if null is true

Question 6

what makes the p value significant so it can reject the null

Answer 6

if specific critical value obtained

Question 7

what is a 1T test

Answer 7

specifies direction of deviation from null hypoth

to obtain p of .05 or less; specified side of null hypoth distrib must be .05 or less

Question 8

what is a 2T test

Answer 8

does not specify direction of deviation from null; both sides of null considered
to obtain p of .05 or less, eah side must be .025 or less

Question 9

what is H0 equal to

Answer 9

The null hypotheses will be X is equal to mu.

the individual observation is from the (specified) population.

Question 10

what is H1

Answer 10

The experimental hypothesis will be X is not equal to mu

the individual observation is not from the (specified) population.

Question 11

what is the APA format for a simple hypoth

Answer 11

We can(not) conclude that the individual observation 
          did not come from a population of \_\_\_\_\_, z =\_\_\_\_, 
          p (ns) or < \_\_\_.

Question 12

what is the process of hypoth testing under normal distrib

Answer 12

1. State hypotheses
2. Convert score to Z score
3. Compare the obtained value with the critical value of ±1.96
4. Make statistical decision
5. Write up results in APA format

Question 13

what is a simple hypothesis

Answer 13

Normal distribution for sample statistics (mean) when o is known
use central limit theorem to obtain sampling distrib of mean when H0 true

Question 14

what are the steps of simple hypotheses testing

Answer 14

1. State hypotheses
2. Compute Standard Error
3. Convert sample mean to a z-score:
4. Compare the obtained value with the critical value of ±1.96
5. Make statistical decision
6. Write-up the finding in APA format

Question 15

what happens when we do not know the population SD

Answer 15

adjust formula to compute one sample t test

Question 16

how do you compute t

Answer 16

The standard error for a one sample t-test is s divided by the square root of the sample size.

t is equal to (x bar minus mu) divided by the standard error.

Question 17

give steps for sample mean when SDfor pop is unknown

Answer 17

1. State hypotheses
2. Compute Estimated Standard Error:
3. Convert score to t score:
4. Compute Degrees of Freedom: Number of independent
   information remaining after estimating one or more parameters; (df): N-1
5. Look tcritical and make statistical decision
6. Write up finding in APA format

Question 18

when is t significant and what can you do if it is

Answer 18

t (tobtained) is larger than tcritical, then you can reject the null hypothesis. compare the tobtained with the tcritical to make your statistical decision

Question 19

what is the difference between a z and t test

Answer 19

z has SD known whilst t SD isunkown

Question 20

what is the confidence interval

Answer 20

range in which think true pop mean will be within specified level of confidence

Question 21

what are the steps for computing confidence interval on the mean

Answer 21

1. Compute the sample mean and standard deviation
2. Compute estimated standard error:
3. Compute degrees of freedom: N-1
4. Look up critical t
5. Compute CI: ± tcritical( )
6. Write up finding

Question 22

what is a type 1 error

Answer 22

Probability of rejecting H0, given that it is true
Designated as α (.05, .01)
–
we can only make a type I error WHEN the null hypothesis is true.

Question 23

what is a type 2 error

Answer 23

• Probability of failing to reject H0, given that it
  is false
  Designated as β

Question 24

what happens if we minimise type1 error by moving critical value left

Answer 24

increase type 2 error

Question 25

define power

Answer 25

Ability to find statistically significant results

involving sample size, effect size and alpha level

Question 26

what happens if you increase effect size

Answer 26

power increases

Question 27

wht happens if you increase sample size

Answer 27

SE reduced; poower increases

Question 28

what are assumptions of parametric data

Answer 28

• Normally distributed data
  - Data within the population is normally
  distributed
  
  • Homogeneity of variance
    
    • Variances should be the same
  • Interval data
    
    • Distance b/t scale points should be equal
  • Independence
    
    • Behaviour of one P doesn’t influence another’s