experimental designs 1

Question 1

what is validity, in simple terms

Answer 1

trueness

Question 2

what is reliability, in simple terms

Answer 2

consistency and replicability

Question 3

what do you look at for the reliability of research procedures

Answer 3

operational definitions

research protocols

Question 4

what are the 3 categories of reliability of results

Answer 4

test reliability
experimental reliability
statistical reliability

Question 5

what is an operational definition

Answer 5

specifies conditions resulting in prod/measurement of outcomes and variable values
defines concepts in terms of how measured
must be consistent and informative

Question 6

what do research protocols include

Answer 6

operational definitions

instruction/ handling

Question 7

what is included in intructions

Answer 7

what to tell participants for consistency

methodological information

Question 8

what is test reliability and what does it mean

Answer 8

whether there are consistent conditions

large diff btwn measurements means poor rel and variation under same condition tested also means poor rel

Question 9

what is experiment reliability

Answer 9

whether repeated experiment will have same outcome

Question 10

what is statistical reliability

Answer 10

likelihood of obtaining results if null hypothesis is true

unlikely then result is statistically reliable; <0.05

Question 11

how do you improve power of statistical reliability

Answer 11

more participants to increase power, as more likely to find difference if difference to find
can also increase trial number

Question 12

what does an increase in power mean

Answer 12

decrease in type 2 errors

Question 13

what 2 things MUST you do to experimental design and why

Answer 13

balance them out
minimise carryover effects so that you only change what ppts experience in one way; also want to avoid results being confounded

Question 14

what are the 3 types of experimental design

Answer 14

Independent samples
Repeated measures
Matched pairs

Question 15

what is independent sampling also known as

Answer 15

between samples or between subjects sampling

Question 16

what is independent sample design

Answer 16

each ppt participates in one condition of experiment; performance independent of other conditions

Question 17

give a strength of Independent samples designs

Answer 17

inexperienced ppts so cant guess expierment purpose

avoid order effects and no carryover effects in this way

Question 18

give a weakness to independent samples designs

Answer 18

variance in ppts as may accidentally end up with similar ppts in one category.

Question 19

how can this weakness to independent samples be overcome

Answer 19

random assignment and large sample to balance out

Question 20

what are repeated measure designs

Answer 20

same ppts in all conditions so do everything

IV manipulated within ppts

Question 21

what is repeated measures also known as

Answer 21

within ppts/subjects design

Question 22

what are 2 strengths of repeated measures and why

Answer 22

no ppt variable so diff can’t be due to differing ppts
fewer ppts needed
both these things give more statistical power

Question 23

what are weaknesses in repeated measures

Answer 23

order and carryover effects mean could learn about goal of study
differences in stimuli

Question 24

how can these weaknesses of repeated measures be overcome

Answer 24

counterbalancing ppts so everyone equally practised/fatigued

randomisation/counterbalance stimuli

Question 25

what are matched pair designs

Answer 25

aspects of repeated measures and independent sampling; assign to 2 conditions but match in advance to ensure variable matched on is same level at start of study of both groups

Question 26

what are strengths of matched pair designs

Answer 26

related samples mean diff btwn ppt variability isnt influencing results

Question 27

what are weaknesses of matched pair designs

Answer 27

effectiveness of matching is failed if miss smth when matching
if lose one ppt, lose whole pair