Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?
To determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.
True or False: The null hypothesis typically represents a statement of no effect or no difference.
True
What is a Type I error?
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
What is a Type II error?
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.
Fill in the blank: The significance level (alpha) is the probability of making a _____ error.
Type I
What is the typical significance level used in hypothesis testing?
0.05
What does a p-value represent?
The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
True or False: A smaller p-value indicates stronger evidence against the null hypothesis.
True
What is the alternative hypothesis?
The hypothesis that states there is an effect or a difference.
What is the first step in hypothesis testing?
State the null and alternative hypotheses.
What is a one-tailed test?
A test that determines if a parameter is either greater than or less than a certain value.
What is a two-tailed test?
A test that determines if a parameter is different from a certain value, either greater or less.
What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?
It means there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.
What is the critical value in hypothesis testing?
The value that the test statistic must exceed in order to reject the null hypothesis.
What is the role of the test statistic?
To summarize the data in relation to the null hypothesis.
Fill in the blank: The power of a test is the probability of correctly rejecting the _____ hypothesis.
null
What factors affect the power of a hypothesis test?
Sample size, effect size, and significance level.
What is meant by effect size?
A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables.
True or False: Increasing the sample size will always increase the power of the test.
True
What is a confidence interval?
A range of values that is likely to contain the population parameter with a specified level of confidence.
How is a confidence interval related to hypothesis testing?
If the null hypothesis value lies outside the confidence interval, it can be rejected.
What is a non-parametric test?
A test that does not assume a specific distribution for the data.
Give an example of a non-parametric test.
Mann-Whitney U test.
What is the difference between parametric and non-parametric tests?
Parametric tests assume the data follows a certain distribution, while non-parametric tests do not.
