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2240 Endocrine system > Hypothalamus to Pituatary gland > Flashcards

Hypothalamus to Pituatary gland Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of endocrine system

A

Second control system of body
Controls activities of body using hormones
Controls major physiological processes

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2
Q

What are the cells of the endocrine system?

A

Epithileal cells

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3
Q

What are the 3 stimuli for hormones to be released?

A

Hormonal
Neural
Humoral

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4
Q

What the steps to how hormones work?

A

Hormones are made and secreted by a stimuli
Hormone goes from interstitual fluid to blood plasma and throughout the body
Locates the target organ or cell
Target cell changes

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5
Q

How can a target cell change?

A

Plasma permeability
Becomes electrically charged
Starts cell division
Causes release of substances

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6
Q

Describe humoral stimulus

A

Changes in number of ions, water, or nutrients in body fluids
Usually the fluid is blood
Ex: if blood calcium goes up or down

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7
Q

What do negative feedback mechanisms do?

A

Keep hormones within a set range

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8
Q

What do positive feedback mechanisms do?

A

Increase hormone levels

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9
Q

Where is hypothalamus located?

A

Inferior to thalamus and superior to the pituitary gland

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10
Q

Where is pituitary gland?

A

Sits at sella turnica

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11
Q

What connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

A

Internal carotid artery

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13
Q

What is venous drainage of pituitary gland?

A

Cavernous sinus

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14
Q

Role of the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Stores oxytocin
Stores antidiuretic hormone

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15
Q

How do oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone get to the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus produces the hormones
They get passed down the infudibulum and get stored in posterior pituitary gland

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16
Q

Oxytocin function

A

Initiates labor
Stimulates uterine contractions
Ejaculation of semen
Ejaculation of milk
AKA love drug

17
Q

Antidiuretic hormone function

A

Prevents you from peeing
Retains water
Water reabsorption in kidneys
Constriction of systemic. arteries

18
Q

What carries hypothalamus hormones to anterior pituitary gland?

A

Hypophyseal portal vein

19
Q

What types of hormones does hypothalamus send to anterior pituitary gland?

A

Releasing hormones
Inhibitory hormones

20
Q

What are the non endocrine target hormones released by anterior pituitary gland?

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone

21
Q

Steps to release Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

Hypothalamus sends RH to APG
APG releases melanocyte stimulating hormone

22
Q

What does Melanocyte stimulating hormone do?

A

Targets melanocytes in the epidermis
Makes and releases melanin

23
Q

Steps to release Prolactin (PRL)

A

After childbirth
Hypothalamus sends prolactin releasing hormone to APG
APG releases prolactin (PRL)

24
Q

What does Prolactin do?

A

Targets mammary glands
Makes milk

25
Q

Steps to release growth hormone (GH)

A

Hypothalamus sends growth hormone releasing hormone to APG
APG releases growth hormone (GH)

26
Q

What does growth hormone do?

A

Targets body cells to absorb sugar
Targets bone cells to grow
Targets muscles so muscles cells can increase in size
Causes the liver to release Insulin like Growth factor (IGF) to enhance growth

27
Q

What are the endocrine target hormones released by anterior pituitary gland?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone

28
Q

Steps to release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Hypothalamus sends gonadotropin releasing hormone to APG
APG releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

29
Q

What does follicle stimulating hormone do?

A

Targets sex cells to grow and develop

30
Q

What does luteinizing hormone do? (LH)

A

Targets cells in the gonads to make and release additional sex hormones like
Estrogen
Testosterone
Progesterone

2240 Endocrine system (2 decks)

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