Hypothalamus-Pituitary Histology-Physiology Practice Questions Flashcards
Identify those regions of the hypothalamus which are most likely to produce GnRH.
F and H
Identify those regions of the hypothalamus which are most likely to contain magnicellular neurons that secrete hormones into the systemic circulation.
J
In which area of this gland are we most likely to find acidophils?
C
In which area of this gland are we most likely to find Herring bodies?
B
In which are of this gland are we most likely to find fluid-filled cysts?
A
Identify the specific tissue shown in this figure.
Epithelial tissue, anterior pituitary gland, stained cells are corticotrophs
Identify the specific tissue shown in this figure.
Pituitary adenoma
Which of the following conditions is most likely to induce secretion of large quantities of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A. Blood pressure of 145/110 mmHg
B. Blood pressure of 50/30 mmHg
C. Plasma osmolality of 315 mOsm/L
D. Plasma osmolality of 260 mOsm/L
E. Body (core) temperature of 39 degrees C
F. Body (core) temperature of 35 degrees C
B, and possibly C
Which of the following hormones are most likely to pass through the median eminence on their way to their target tissues?
A. Somatostatin
B. Oxytocin
C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
D. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
E. Prolactin
A and B
In response to a negative feedback increase in some hypothalamus-pituitary hormone, V2 receptors are bound. In what tissue are these found and through which second messenger system will this hormone-receptor complex exert its effects?
A. Arteriolar smooth muscle, increased adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway activation
B. Arteriolar smooth muscle, increased phospholipase C (PLC) pathway activation
C. Renal tubular epithelial cells, increased adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway activation
D. Renal tubular epithelial cells, increased phospholipase C (PLC) pathway activation
C
A 55-year-old patient presents to his family physician with a complaint of feeling dizzy and having severe headaches. His heart rate is 66 and his blood pressure is 170/130. Laboratory results include highly concentrated urine, plasma osmolarity of 250 mOsm/L, and fasting blood glucose of 85 mg/dL. Oversecretion of which pituitary hormone is most likely to result in this patient’s signs and symptoms?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Growth hormone
C. Vasopressin
D. Thyroid hormone
E. Adrenocortical tropic hormone
A and C, they’re the same hormone
In a lactating female, which of the following hormones directly stimulate mammary gland epithelium to produce milk?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Growth hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. Insulin
E. Prolactin
E
In the figure below, which of the following would be most likely to produce a hormone whose target tissue is liver hepatocytes?
C
In a healthy 33-year-old female, which of the following hypothalamic hormones is most likely to ultimately result in secretion of progesterone into the plasma?
A. GnRH
B. GHRH
C. CRH
D. DA
E. TRH
A
In a healthy 44-year-old male, which plasma hormone is most likely to increase the secretion of an inhibitory hormone in the hypothalamus?
A. Testosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Prolactin
D. Growth hormone
E. Tri-iodothyronine
C and D, and possibly B
An investigator is looking into the action of a hormone on its target tissue. She notices that this hormone is acting through the JAK-STAT second messenger system in this target tissue to exert its effects. Which of the following is the most likely identity of the hormone being studied?
A. Insulin-like growth factor 1
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Cortisol
E. Thyroxine
C
Which of the following hormones is most likely to exert a direct negative feedback on the pituitary gland but not on the hypothalamus?
A. Cortisol
B. Estradiol
C. Growth hormone
D. Prolactin
E. Insulin-like growth factor 1
E
A 65-year-old man visits his physician for an annual health maintenance examination. Follow-up laboratory tests reveal growth hormone levels just below the normal range for his age. Which of the following factors might have contributed to this low level?
A. Fasting blood glucose of 120 mg/dL
B. LDL level > 200
C. Advanced age
D. Body Mass Index of 32.5 kg/m2
E. Sedentary lifestyle
A, B, C, D, and E
Which of the following organs is a target of growth hormone, but not IGF-1?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Liver
C. Muscle
D. Kidney
E. Loose connective tissue
B
A healthy individual consumes a diet high in carbohydrates and protein. What will be the most likely levels of growth hormone, IGF-1, and insulin in this person, compared to before the meal?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
F. 6
F.
The vasopressin receptors
V1 vs V2
Clinical: Diabetes Insipidus
(1) The inability of the body to produce or release ADH
(2) The inability of the kidney to respond to ADH
If not countered with increased water intake, dehydration will occur
Central Diabetes Insipidus
this condition occurs due to the inability of the body to produce or release ADH from the posterior pituitary.
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
This condition occurs due to the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH.
