Endocrine Pancreas Physiology Flashcards
What effect will an acute increase in plasma glucose have on hormone secretion within the pancreatic islets?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
F. 6
E. 5
In pancreatic beta cells, which of the following processes are essential components of the main pathway for insulin secretion?
A. Activation of voltage-gated calcium channels
B. Activation of ligand-gated potassium channels
C. Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels
D. Inhibition of ligand-gated potassium channels
E. Activation of ligand-gated calcium channels
F. Activation of voltage-gated potassium channels
G. Inhibition of ligand-gated calcium channels
H. Inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channels
A. Activation of voltage-gated calcium channels
D. Inhibition of ligand-gated potassium channels
In pancreatic beta cells, an increase in the concentration of which substance inside the cell is the usual “go” signal for secretion of insulin?
A. Glucose
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. cAMP
E. ATP
F. IP3
E. ATP
(not A because it’s metabolized immediately)
In pancreatic beta cells, which of the following substances modulate insulin secretion by decreasing adenylyl cyclase activity?
A. Glucose
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Glucagon-like peptide 1
E. Acetylcholine
F. Epinephrine
F. Epinephrine
For insulin, which of the following patterns/modulations of hormone secretion is most likely?
A. Episodic Only
B. Pulsatile Only
C. Circadian Only
D. Episodic + Pulsatile
E. Episodic + Circadian
F. Pulsatile + Circadian
G. Episodic + Pulsatile + Circadian
A. Episodic Only
Through what cellular mechanism of action does insulin produce effects in its target cells?
A. Increases adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in the target cells
B. Increases phospholipase C (PLC) activity in the target cells
C. Activates tyrosine kinases in the target cells
D. Activates the JAK-STAT second messenger system in the target cells
E. Increases transcription of selected proteins in the target cells
C. Activates tyrosine kinases in the target cells (and, eventually, E)
Which forms of glucose transporters are found in neurons? Choose all that apply.
A. SGLT-1
B. GLUT-1
C. GLUT-2
D. GLUT-3
E. GLUT-4
F. GLUT-5
B. GLUT-1 & D. GLUT-3
In hepatocytes, which of the following processes are stimulated by insulin?
A. Translocation of GLUT-4 proteins to the plasma membrane
B. Increase in glucose transport into the hepatocyte
C. Increase in glycogenolysis
D. Increase in gluconeogenesis
E. Increase in protein synthesis
B. Increase in glucose transport into the hepatocyte
E. Increase in protein synthesis
Which of the following are reduced by insulin?
A. Blood glucose
B. Production of ketoacids
C. Adipose tissue lipolysis
D. Amino acid catabolism (liver)
E. Triglyceride synthesis
A. Blood glucose
B. Production of ketoacids
C. Adipose tissue lipolysis
D. Amino acid catabolism (liver)
Which of the following stimulate glucagon secretion?
A. Increased blood glucose
B. Increased delta cell activity
C. Increased amino acids
D. Increased catecholamines
E. Increased intracellular ATP
C. Increased amino acids
D. Increased catecholamines
Which of the following are reduced by glucagon?
A. Blood glucose
B. Production of ketoacids
C. Adipose tissue lipolysis
D. Amino acid catabolism (liver)
E. Triglyceride synthesis
E. Triglyceride synthesis
During the absorptive state, which of the following are most typically increased?
A. Plasma insulin/glucagon ratio
B. Anabolism of body tissues
C. Synthesis and secretion of growth hormone
D. Conversion of fatty acids into ketoacids
E. Cortisol secretion
F. Glycogen breakdown into glucose
A. Plasma insulin/glucagon ratio
B. Anabolism of body tissues
During a long-term fast (e.g., after 7 days), which of the following are most typically increased?
A. Plasma insulin/glucagon ratio
B. Anabolism of body tissues
C. Synthesis and secretion of growth hormone
D. Conversion of fatty acids into ketoacids
E. Cortisol secretion
F. Glycogen breakdown into glucose
C. Synthesis and secretion of growth hormone
D. Conversion of fatty acids into ketoacids
E. Cortisol secretion
According to “Diabetes Care”, which of the following signs and symptoms are common to both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?
A. Shaking
B. Sweating
C. Dizziness
D. Hunger
E. Extreme thirst
D. Hunger
Which of the following signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus are most commonly found only in DM Type 1?
A. FBS . 126 mg/dL
B. HbA1c > 6.5%
C. Pancreatic islet inflammation
D. Pancreatic islet amyloid accumulation
E. Peripheral neuropathy
C. Pancreatic islet inflammation
