Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis

Question 1

How is the pituitary gland formed

Answer 1

From the invagination of the oral cavity that meets with the infundibulum

Question 2

Pituitary gland made from

Answer 2

Oral cavity and infundibulum

Question 3

Rathke’s pouch is part of the… that meets with the infundibulum

Answer 3

Oral cavity

Question 4

Origin of anterior lobe

Answer 4

Epithelial origin

Question 5

Origin of posterior lobe

Answer 5

Neural origin

Question 6

Posterior pituitary secretes 2 hormones:

Answer 6

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 7

Cell bodies projecting the posterior pituitary are located in

Answer 7

Supraoptic nuclei

Paraventricular nuclei

Question 8

1 disease from

Answer 8

Pathology in peripheral hormone

Question 9

2 disease from

Answer 9

Pathology in pituitary gland

Question 10

3 disease from

Answer 10

Pathology in hypothalamus

Question 11

GHRH –> pituitary –> ?

Answer 11

GH

Question 12

Negative feedback of GH

Answer 12

Somatostatin

Question 13

TRH –> pituitary –>

Answer 13

TSH and prolactine

Question 14

Negative feedback of TSH

Answer 14

Somatostatin

Question 15

Negative feedback of Prolactine

Answer 15

Dopamine

Question 16

CRH –> pituitary –> ??

Answer 16

ACTH

Question 17

What controls ACTH

Answer 17

Vasopressin

Question 18

LHRH –> pituitary –> ??

Answer 18

FSH and LH

Question 19

Negative feedback of FSH and LH

Answer 19

GnlH

Question 20

GHRH –> pituitary –> GH –> peripheral tissue –> ??

Answer 20

IGF-1

Question 21

TRH –> pituitary –> TSH –> thyroid gland –> ??

Answer 21

T3, T4

Question 22

CRH –> pituitary –> ACTH –> peripheral tissue –> ??

Answer 22

Cortisol

Question 23

LHRH –> pituitary –> FSH + LH –> peripheral tissue –> ??

Answer 23

FSH –> estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

LH –> inhibin

Question 24

Liver produces

Answer 24

IGF-1

Question 25

IMPORTANT: all hormones have negative feedback except

Answer 25

ESTROGEN

Question 26

Which is the main form of diagnosis for somatotropic axis

Answer 26

IGF-1

Question 27

GH is anabolic or catabolic

Answer 27

Anabolic

Question 28

IMPORTANT: only difference between GH and IGF-1

Answer 28

GH stimulates diminished adiposity

Question 29

Transcription factor for IGF-1

Answer 29

IGFBP3

Question 30

Function of IGFBP3

Answer 30

Regulates nuclear hormone receptor activity

Question 31

Only hormone producing negative effect in growth

Answer 31

Glucocorticoids

Question 32

The adrenal axis is connected to

Answer 32

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 33

What stimulates CRH production

Answer 33

Macrophages and monocytes producing cytokines during inflammation

Question 34

Does aldosterone in adrenal axis produce a feedback

Answer 34

NO

Question 35

Why do we need cortisol

Answer 35

It is an anti-inflammatory

And we need it to wake up in the morning

Question 36

When to test if we suspect high/low cortisol

Answer 36

If high cortisol suspected –> test at night

If low cortisol suspected –> test at morning

Question 37

Prolactine function

Answer 37

Milk production and development of mammary glands

Question 38

Medication altering prolactin system

Answer 38

Antipsychotics

A2 blockers

Question 39

What do antipsychotics and A2 blockers cause

Answer 39

Hyperprolactinemia

Question 40

At what hour are prolactin levels high

Answer 40

At night

Question 41

Stress stimulating effects on

Answer 41

GH
Prolactin
ACTH

Question 42

Stress inhibitory effects on

Answer 42

TSH

Gonadotropins

Question 43

Vasopressin function

Answer 43

Absorb H2O in kidneys

Question 44

Receptors of vasopressin

Answer 44

V1: vasoconstriction
V2: H2O absorption
V3: ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone production

Question 45

Chiasm alteration can produce

Answer 45

Bad eye sight

Question 46

Glomerular zone produces

Answer 46

Mineralcorticoids

Question 47

Fascicular zone produces

Answer 47

Glucocorticoids

Question 48

Reticular zone produces

Answer 48

Androgens