Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OSSF II Endocrinology > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Which 6 hormones are produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

A
  1. GH
  2. LH
  3. FSH
  4. ACTH
  5. Prolactin
  6. TSH

Piccolo And Goku Like To Fight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which 3 hormones are made by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

A
  1. MSH
  2. Endorphin
  3. Dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which hormones are stored in and release by the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)?

A
  1. Oxytocin

2. AntiDiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe hypophysis (pituitary) vasculature

A
  1. Pars distalis has no direct arterial supply; receives oxygen from hypothalamohypohyseal portal system
  2. Both anterior/posterior pituitary share a common venous drainage
  3. Venous blood from the hypothalamus drains to the Pars Distalis of the Adenohypophysis before continuing to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rostral hypothalamus contains

A
  1. Supraoptic area

2. Paraventricular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Middle hypothalamus contains

A
  1. Ventral medial nuclei

2. Arcuate nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Caudal hypothalamus contains

A
  1. Mammillary nuclei

2. Caudal nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four hypothalamic inputs?

A

LARA

  1. Limbic structures (amygdala)
  2. Autonomic Nervous System
  3. Reticular formation of brainstem
  4. Ascending aminergic pathways (noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

A

Produced by pars distalis of anterior pituitary

Stimulates adrenal cortex to make cortisol (a glucocorticoid); negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

A

Produced by hypothalamus

Stimulates cleavage of POMC -> release of ACTH from pituitary

Downregulated by cortisol (negative feedback)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Regulation of prolactin

A
  1. TRH from hypothalamus stimulates
  2. Dopamine from hypothalamus inhibits
  3. Negative feedback: PRL stimulates dopamine release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Regulation of LH and FSH

A
  1. GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates release of LH and FSH from anterior pituitary
  2. Testosterone/estrogen inhibits pituitary and hypothalamus
  3. Prolactin also inhibits GnRH release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are LH and FSH produced?

A

Gonadotrophin cells of adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of LH

A
  1. Ovaries -> stimulates steroid hormone production
  2. Testicles -> stimulates release of testosterone from Leydig cells
  3. Stimulates maturation of germ cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of FSH

A
  1. Ovaries -> stimulates granulosa cell development
  2. Testicles -> stimulates release of androgen binding proteins from Sertoli cells (initiates spermatogenesis)
  3. Stimulates maturation of germ cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regulation of GH

A
  1. Stimulated by:
    a. GHRH from hypothalamus
    b. Thyroxine
    c. Grehlin/hypoglycaemia
  2. Inhibited by:
    a. Somatostatin from hypothalamus
    b. Free fatty acid (negative feedback)
    c. IGF-1 from liver (negative feedback)
17
Q

GH functions

A

Stimulates production of somatomedin, which promote:

a. T-cell proliferation
b. Calcium absorption
c. Hepatic Glycogenolysis (raises blood glucose)
d. Growth

Cut The Green Grass

18
Q

TRH is released by the ______ whereas TSH is released by the ______.

A

TRH - hypothalamus

TSH - pituitary

19
Q

Where is TRH produced?

A

TRH - Parvocellular neurons in paraventricular nucleus

Don’t confuse with TSH, which comes from the pituitary

20
Q

CRH

A
  1. Released from hypothalamus

2. Promotes ACTH release from anterior pituitary

21
Q

GHRH

A
  1. Released from hypothalamus

2. Promotes GH/somatropin release from anterior pituitary

22
Q

TRH

A
  1. Released from hypothalamus

2. Promotes TSH, Prolactin, and POMC [ACTH precursor] release from pars intermedia of anterior pituitary

23
Q

GnRH

A
  1. Released from hypothalamus
  2. Promotes FSH and LH release from anterior pituitary
  3. Release INHIBITED by prolactin
24
Q

Somatostatin

A
  1. Released from hypothalamus

2. Inhibits GH release from anterior pituitary

25
Q

Dopamine

A
  1. Released from hypothalamus

2. Inhibits Prolactin and POMC [ACTH precursor] release from pars intermedia cells of anterior pituitary

26
Q

Functions of Oxytocin

A
  1. Fat: lipolysis and B-oxidation; decrease leptin
  2. Liver: Glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity
  3. Pancreas: insulin release
  4. Uterine contractions
27
Q

ADH functions

A
  1. V1 receptor (blood vessels): increase vascular resistance
  2. V2 receptor (kidneys): increase blood volume

Together, increase blood pressure

28
Q

Cushing’s Disease is caused by

A

Hyperadrenocorticism

29
Q

Which hormone inhibits GnRH?

A

Prolactin

OSSF II Endocrinology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions