Hypothalamus

Question 1

Magnocellular neuroscretary cells

Answer 1

Paraventricular (oxytocin) and supraoptic (ADH) nuclei control the posterior pituitary (both in supraoptic region)

Hormones: vasopression ADH -water balance

Oxytocin - milk ejection, uterine contraction ,social bonding

Damage can cause diabetes insipidis in which there is polyuria and polydipsia

Question 2

Parvocellular neuroscretory cells

Answer 2

Parvocellular neurosecretory cells in periventricular region (arcuate and tuberal nuclei)-middle tuberal region secrete inhibitory and releasing hormones that are carried to anterior pituitary

It’s flipped! Middle = anterior pituitary
Anterior = posterior pituitary

Damage causes hypoadrenalism, hypothyroidism, abnormalities in reproductive system

Question 3

What are the 4 major fiber tracts in the hypothalamus.

Answer 3

Fornix: lateral hypothalamic area and hippocampus

Stria Terminalis: amygdala > anterior hypothalamus

Mammillothalamic tract: anterior nucleus of thalamus and mamillary bodies

Medial forebrain bundle: hypothalamus to olfactor cortex and brain stem

Question 4

Anterior nucleus of hypothalamus

Answer 4

Sleep production center, promotes sleep.

Question 5

Posterolateral nucleus of hypothalamus

Answer 5

Waking center

Question 6

Its too hot, describe the circuit for decreasing temperature

Answer 6

anterior hypothalamus receives the need to decrease temperature

Autonomic - vasodilation, parasympathetic

Pituitary gland - slow down metabolism > decrease TSH

limbic structures > cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum > behavioral responses like drink, turn down thermostat go to cooler place

Question 7

LEsion of ventromedial nuc of tuberal region

Answer 7

Lesion will cause you to grow medially and ventrally.

It is the satiety center so you will eat uncontrollably.