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regulatory physiology and pharmacology > hypothalamic pituitary axis > Flashcards

hypothalamic pituitary axis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most dominant part of the endocrine system

A

hypothalamic pituitary axis

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2
Q

what does the HPA regulate

A

function of thyroid adrenal and reproductive glands
controls somatic growth, lactation milk secretion and water metabolism

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3
Q

explain development of neurohypophysis

A

downgrowth of forebrain

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4
Q

explain development of adenohypophysis

A

oral ectoderm of the roof of stomatodeum

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5
Q

name endocrine cells

A

somatotropes
corticotropes
thryotropes
gondotropes
lactotropes

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6
Q

neurohypophysis is made of ?

A

neural tissue

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7
Q

neural tissue is responsible for ?

A

transport and storage of secretory granules of hormones

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8
Q

where can you find neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

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9
Q

where can you find adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

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10
Q

which pituitary produces hormones

A

anterior

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11
Q

ADH is released from ?

A

neurosecretory cells of supraoptic nucleus

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12
Q

oxytocin is released from ?

A

neurosecretory cells of paraventricular nucleus

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13
Q

ADH secretion is stimulated by

A

increased plasma osmolality and decreased blood pressure

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14
Q

increased plasma osmolality is detected by

A

osmoreceptors

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15
Q

decrease in blood pressure is detected by

A

baroreceptors or cardiopulmonary receptors

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16
Q

stimulation of secretion of ADH is more sensitive to ?

A

plasma osmolality

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17
Q

anti diuretic hormone is also known as

A

vasopressin

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18
Q

where is ADH stored?

A

posterior pituitary gland

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19
Q

what is the relationship between ADH secretion and blood volume

A

hypovolemic state stimulates ADH secretion

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20
Q

an increase in ADH secretion increases the permeability of what

A

the final 1/3rd of distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct

21
Q

in the presence of ADH what is the effect on urine flow and osmolality

A

flow decreases and osmolality increases

22
Q

in the absence of ADH what is the effect on urine flow and osmolality

A

flow increases and osmolality decreases

23
Q

how is vasoconstriction in arterioles induced

A

increased ADH secretion

24
Q

abnormally low circulating ADH can lead to

A

diabetes insipidus

25
Q

what does oxytocin stimulate

A

secretion of breast milk

26
Q

give an example of a let down reflex

A

oxytocin secretion

27
Q

which pituitary is releases oxytocin

A

posterior

28
Q

why is prolactin important in milk production

A

increases milk production

29
Q

what type of neurons are found in hypothalamus

A

paracellular

30
Q

give examples of hypophysiotropic hormones

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone
gonadotropin releasing hormone
corticotropin releasing hormone
growth hormone releasing hormone
somatostatin
dopamine

31
Q

somatostatin inhibits

A

secretion of growth hormone

32
Q

dopamine inhibits

A

synthesis and secretion of prolactin

33
Q

how do hypophysiotropic hormones travel

A

through hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system

34
Q

how does thyroid stimulating hormone work

A

regulates thyroid function via TSH receptor on thyroid epithelial cells

35
Q

TSH stimulates release of ? from thyroid gland to support tropic effects on growth and metabolism

A

T3 T4

36
Q

T3 is an example of which kind of feedback

A

negative

37
Q

how is gonad function regulated

A

via follicle stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone

38
Q

what is the negative feed back in FSH and LH

A

inhibin

39
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

binds to adrenal cortex via MC2R increasing cortisol secretion

40
Q

long loop inhibition in ACTH

A

cortisol from adrenal feedback to hypothalamus

41
Q

growth hormone regulates ?

A

metabolism via GH receptor in liver

42
Q

IGF-1 role in growth hormone

A

negatively feeds back on production and secretion of GH due to release of somatostatin

43
Q

dopamine is released from

A

parvicellular hypothalamic neurons in anterior pituitary

44
Q

long loop

A

hypothalamus to target organ/tissue

45
Q

shot loop

A

anterior pituitary to Taggert organ/tissue

46
Q

rare tutor of pit gland

A

gonadotropin secreting adenomas

47
Q

which hormones are released by neuropophysis

A

antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

48
Q

what do gonadotropin secreting adenomas secrete

A

LH and FSH

regulatory physiology and pharmacology (4 decks)

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