Hypoparathyroidism

Question 1

What are the signs of primary Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 1

Those of hypocalcaemia:

SPASMODIC

Spasms
Perioral parasthesiae
Anxious(irritable/irrational)
Seizures
Muscle tone increased (hence wheeze, colic, dysphagia)
Orientation impaired (confusion)
Dermatitis 
Impetigo herpetiformis
Chvosteks sign (Choreoathetosis, Cataract, Cardiomyopathy)

Question 2

Cause of primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 2

Decreased PTH

Question 3

What syndrome causes primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 3

DiGeorge (

Question 4

Medical Mx for 1ry hypoparathyroidism

Answer 4

Ca2+ supplement + CALCITRIOL

or synthetic PTH

Question 5

What are the causes of secondary hypoparathyroidism (3)

Answer 5

Hypomagnesiaemia (required for PTH secretion)
Surgery
Radiotherapy

Question 6

What is the pathophysiology of pseudohypoparathyroidism (brief)

Answer 6

Resistance to PTH

Question 7

What is pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer 7

Morphological features of pseudohypoparathyroidism but biochemically normal.

Question 8

What are the morphological features of psuedohypoparathyroidism (5)

Answer 8

Short stature
Short 4th/5th metacarpals
Round face
Calcified basal ganglia
Low IQ