Hyponatraemia Flashcards
What is acute hyponatraemia?
Develops over a period of less than 48 hours
What is chronic hyponatraemia?
Develops over a period of more than 48 hours
What is mild hyponatraemia?
130-134mmol/L
What is moderate hyponatraemia?
120-129mmol/L
What is severe hyponatraemia?
<120mmol/L
What are the early symptoms of hyponatraemia?
Headache
Lethargy
Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness
Confusion
Muscle cramps
What are the late symptoms of hyponatraemia?
Seizures
Coma
Respiratory arrest
What is the management of chronic hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl)
What is the management of acute hyponatraemia with severe symptoms?
Hypertonic saline (3% NaCl)
What is the management of euvolemic hyponatraemia?
Fluid restrict to 500-1000ml/day
Consider
- Demeclocycline
- Vaptans (vasopressin)
What is the management of hypervolemic hyponatraemia?
Fluid restrict to 500-1000ml/day
Consider loop diuretics
Consider vaptans
What are the causes of hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?
Diuretic stage of renal failure
Diuretics
Addisonian crisis
What are the causes of euvolemic hyponatraemia?
SIADH
What are the causes of hypervolemic hyponatraemia?
Heart failure
Liver failure
Nephrotic syndrome
What is osmotic demyelination syndrome?
A complication of hyponatraemia treatment. It happens due to over-correction of severe hyponatraemia