Hyponatraemia Flashcards
symptoms of hyponatraemia
increased skin turgor
tachycardia
hypotension
red cracked tongue
confusion
seizures
what % of our bodies are water
60% men
55% women
what are the three compartments of fluid in the body and how much is found in each
intracellular - 30L
interstitial - 9L
vascular - 3L
where is sodium principally found
extracellular compartments - interstitial and vascular spaces
what forces are involved in water movement out of the cell
internal hydrostatic pressure - pushes
external osmotic pressure - pulls
what forces are involved in water movement into the cell
external hydrostatic pressure - pushes
internal osmotic pressure - pulls
is water movement passive or active
passive (follows Na+)
is Na+ movement passive or active
active
how does our body respond to an alteration in tonicity
it moves water to dilute the high tonicity
volume deplete is aka
hypovolaemic
volume overloaded is aka
hypervolaemic
what are the three forms of hyponatraemia
normovolaemic
hypovolaemic
hypervolaemic
disease states which cause fluid loss
haemorrhage
vomiting
diarhhoeas
burns
diuretic states (e.g. hypercalcaeimia, diabetes mellitus)
sequestration
what is sequestration and give an example
when one of the interstitial spaces becomes inflamed and collects up to 4L of fluid
this dehydrates the rest of the body
e.g. pneumonia
iatrogenic causes of fluid loss
diuretics
stomas/fistulae
gastric aspiration
