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Renal and Urology > Drugs with Therapeutic Effects on Renal Function > Flashcards

Drugs with Therapeutic Effects on Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

what do diuretic do

A

increase excretion of sodium and chloride ions and water from the renal tubules
this increases urinary flow

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2
Q

indications of diuretics

A

conditions where there is excess accumulation of water and sodium in the body
e.g. heart failure, liver failure, renal failure, hypertesion

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3
Q

what are the five types of diuretic

A

loop
thiazide and thiazide type
potassium sparing
osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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4
Q

2 examples of loop diuretics

A

furosemide
bumetanide

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5
Q

where do loop diuretics act

A

thick ascending limb of LoH

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6
Q

give 2 examples of thiazide/-type diuretics

A

bendroflumethiazide, chlortalidone

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7
Q

where do thiazide diuretics work

A

DCT

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8
Q

give 2 examples of potassium sparing diuretics

A

sprionolactone
amiloride

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9
Q

what is the MoA of potassium sparing diuretics

A

inhibit reabsorption of 2-3% of sodium ions in exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions in

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10
Q

when are osmotic diuretics used

A

to treat cerebral oedema in intensive care occasionally

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11
Q

example of osmotic diuretic

A

mannitol

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12
Q

MoA of osmotic diuretic

A

filtered at glomerulus
not reabsorbed
so exert osmotic pressure
which prevents water reabsorbtion

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13
Q

name of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

acetazolamide

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14
Q

indications of acetazolamide

A

prevent acute altitude sickness
glaucoma management
occasionally as mild diuretic

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15
Q

MoA of acetazolamide

A

reduces production of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions which are necessary for a proportion of reabsorption of soidum and chloride ions in the PCT

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16
Q

difference in MoA of ACEi vs. ARBs

A

ACEi - inhibit production of angiotensin II
ARB - block action of angiotensin II at its receptor

17
Q

indications and contraindication of ARBs and ACEis

A

hypertension and heart failure
not primary renal disease

18
Q

what drugs act on the PCT

A

SLGT-2 inhibitors
uricosuric drugs

19
Q

MoA of SLGT-2 inhibitors

A

inhibits co-transporter that reabsorbs glucose with sodium which increases urinary excretion of glucose

20
Q

indication of SLGT-2 inhibitors

A

type 2 diabetes

21
Q

indications of uricosuric drugs

A

long term prevention of gout

22
Q

MoA of uricosuric drugs

A

block reabsorption of uric acid in PCT

23
Q

where does synthetic parathyroid hormone act

A

DCT

24
Q

indication of synthetic PTH

A

to maintain reabsorption and calcium concentration in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism

25
Q

what drugs act on the collecting duct

A

vasopressin analogues and inhibitors

26
Q

name of vasopressin analogue

A

desmopressin

27
Q

indication of desmopressin

A

diabetes insipidus - those who can’t make vasopressin so become dehydrated

28
Q

indication of vasopressin inhibitors

A

excessive secretion of vasopressin due to tumour or drugs - SIADH

29
Q

what is demeclocycline and what is its MoA

A

an antibiotic which inhibits the responsiveness of the collecting duct cells to vasopressin and reduces water reabsorption when fluid restriction alone has been ineffective

30
Q

what is tolvaptan and its MoA

A

vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist which reduces water reabsorption

31
Q

what are epoetins

A

recombinant human erythropoetins

32
Q

indication of epoetins

A

used to treat anaemia associated with erythropoetin difficeincy in chronic renal failure

33
Q

indication of hydroxylated forms of vitamin D (alfacalcidol and calcitriol)

A

severe renal impairment where the kidneys can’t hydroxylate vitamin D themsleves

34
Q

indication of sodium bicarbonate

A

those with advanced renal impairment who develop metabolic acidosis as they are not reabsorbing sodium bicarbonate in their PCTs

Renal and Urology (16 decks)

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