Hypokalaemia

Question 1

What serum potassium = hypokalaemia?

Answer 1

Serum K+ <3.5

Question 2

What is the main pathological effect of hypokalaemia?

Answer 2

Muscle weakness

Question 3

Causes of hypokalaemia: GI

Answer 3

D+V
Eating disorders
Reduced intake

Question 4

Causes of hypokalaemia: kidney

Answer 4

Thiazide + loop diuretics
Metabolic alkalosis
DKA - overall bodily deficit, although serum levels may remain high

Question 5

Causes of hypokalaemia: increased movement into cells

Answer 5

Insulin
B2 agonists
Alkalosis

Question 6

Other causes of hypokalaemia

Answer 6

Inc mineralcorticods (Conn's + cushing's)
Reduced magnesium

Question 7

Possible presentation of hypokalaemia

Answer 7

Muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, flaccid paralysis, paraesthesia, cramps

Question 8

ECG changes in hypokalaemia

Answer 8

Flattented T waves, P widening, ST depression

Question 9

How is hypokalaemia managed?

Answer 9

Give potassium!!

Can be given PO, or IV if severe (<2.5)

Question 10

What is the maximum rate at which K+ can be infused?

Answer 10

10mmol/ hour