Hypofrontality Flashcards
Negative sxs are related to decreased activity of …
dorsolateral prefrontal area
fMRI show decreased activation in ____ in schizo’s during ____tasks that active ____in normals
DLPFC during working memory tasks that activated DLPFC in normals
Sch sxs did not show activation of___as normal did during___
Sch. s’s did not show activation of dorsolateral prefrontal area as normals did during WCST(?)
In contrast to positive sxs being related to DA hyperactivity, negative sxs appear to be related to
decreased dopamine activity in the prefrontal area
Role of glutamate
- Study in 80’s show increased CSF glutamate in schizo s’s
- PCP and Ketamine (drugs) produce sxs of schizo and are used to study it
- they are Glutamate NMDA antagonists
- they especially inhibit dlpfc
- also cause decreased dopamine utilization in dlpfc
Theory re. NMDA, GABA, DA, VTA, etc.
- Slide shows proposed normal fx’ing
- Decrease glutamate NMDA activity decreases DA activity in dlpfc
- Also decrease activation of GABA projections from VTA to NA
- This decreased inhibition results in increased DA activity in the NA producing the positive sxs of schizo
Prefrontal lobe DA neurons have connections with___where the ___ system originates that projects to ___and ___
Prefrontal lobe DA neurons have connections with ventral tegmental area where the mesolimbic DA system originates that projects to n.a. and amygdala
Prefrontal is thought to have ___ influence on the ____ system
Prefrontal is thought to have a regulatory (inhibitory) influence on the mesolimbic system
When prefrontal is hypoactive, it….
does not exert this regulatory influence and the mesolimbic system becomes hyperactive
Atypical antipsychotics decrease ____ activity in ___ and increase it in ____
Atypical antipsychotics decrease dopamine activity in NA and increase it in DLPFC
1. this is how they can improve positive as well as negative and cognitive sxs of schizo
