Hypo-Pit-Gon

Question 1

Where GnRH cell bodies found?

Answer 1

arcuate nucleus- infundibular nucleus

Question 2

Where do GnRH cell bodies project to?

Answer 2

median emminence

Question 3

How is kisspeptin expression regulated?

Answer 3

by gonadal steroids

Question 4

What is quality of kisspeptin for experiments?

Answer 4

Most efficient at the BBB

Cheaper to make in research

Question 5

What do inactivating mutations of Kisspeptin result in?

Answer 5

failure to undergo spontaneous puberty

Question 6

What can activating KISS1R mutations lead to?

Answer 6

precocious puberty

Question 7

What does a bolus injection in mice result in?

Answer 7

peak in LH secretion

Question 8

How can GnRH levels be measured?

Answer 8

LH levels are used as an indication of GnRH

Question 9

How is GnRH secreted?

Answer 9

pulsatile

Question 10

Where are the pulse generators for GnRH secretion?

Answer 10

neurons in the hypothalamus

Question 11

Describe GnRH structure

Answer 11

Includes GAP

Question 12

How often is GnRH secreted?

Answer 12

pulses from hypothalamus every 30-120min

Question 13

What does slow GnRH secretion favour?

Answer 13

FSH beta transcription

Question 14

What does rapid pulse frequency favour?

Answer 14

LH beta transcription

Question 15

Which neurons are responsible for the pulsatile secretion of LH?

Answer 15

ARNKISS were all found to exhibit intermittent periods of synchronized electrical activity which had a near perfect correlation with pulsatile LH secretion.

Question 16

Where are ARNKISS found?

Answer 16

mid-caudal region of the arcuate nucleus

Question 17

Which part of LH and FSH and hCG is common

Answer 17

alpha unit

Question 18

What bonds hold the alpha and beta components together in gonadotrophs?

Answer 18

disulphide

Question 19

What other groups can be found on alpha and beta components of gonadotrophs?

Answer 19

glycolylations

Question 20

Which part of gonadotrophs receptors are prone to mutations?

Answer 20

extracellular part

Question 21

What are the functions of FSH in testes?

Answer 21

regulation of Sertoli cell metabolism

Question 22

What are the functions of FSH in ovaries?

Answer 22

• follicular maturation
• granulosa cell estrogen synthesis

Question 23

What are the functions of LH in tetes?

Answer 23

• stimulation of Leydig cell androgen synthesis

Question 24

What are the functions of LH in ovaries?

Answer 24

theca cell androgen synthesis
- ovulation
- progesterone production of corpus luteum

Question 25

What are the androgens?

Answer 25

Androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone

Question 26

Which are steroid hormones?

Answer 26

progesterone
oestrogens
androgens

Question 27

What do Leydig cells produce in males?

Answer 27

Androstenedione,
DHEA,
Testosterone production

Question 28

What do Sertoli cells produce?

Answer 28

Testosterone

dihydrotestosterone

Question 29

What do theca cells produce in females?

Answer 29

testosterone

androstenedione

Question 30

What do granulosa cells produce?

Answer 30

oestradiol

oestrone

Question 31

What type of hormone is inhibin?

Answer 31

peptide

Question 32

What are the isoforms of inhibin?

Answer 32

A and B

Question 33

What is the function of inhibin in females?

Answer 33

inhibits FSH secretion via direct negative feedback to anterior pituitary

Switch from inhibin B in the follicular phase to Inhibin A in the luteal phase

isoform cyclical dependent

Question 34

What is the function of inhibin in males?

Answer 34

Inhibin B, produced by Sertoli cells